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past threat

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1 past threat

Юридический термин: угроза в прошлом

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > past threat
2 past threat

угроза в прошлом

Англо-русский юридический словарь > past threat
3 threat

угроза

threat instantly to kill — угроза немедленным убийством;

to pose a threat — угрожать

- threat of future injury
- threat of litigation
- threat of violence
- constructive threat
- immediate threat
- implicit threat
- justifiable threat
- mob threat
- ostensible threat
- past threat
- presumptive threat
- remote threat
- terroristic threat
- unjustifiable threat
- imminent threat

Англо-русский юридический словарь > threat
4 threat

1. n угроза

idle threat — пустая угроза

threats and counterthreats — взаимные угрозы

threat of a veto — угроза вето

to use threats — угрожать

threat of war — угроза войны

great threat — большая угроза

major threat — большая угроза

threat to peace — угроза миру

past threat — угроза в прошлом

2. n грозное предзнаменование; опасность

threat of war — угроза войны

to pose a threat to the cause of peace — представлять угрозу для дела мира

threat of accidents — опасность травмирования

Синонимический ряд:

1. danger (noun) bomb; danger; hazard; impending doom; jeopardy; menace; omen; peril; risk

2. forewarning (noun) forewarning; thundercloud

3. intimidation (noun) browbeating; caveat; coercion; fulmination; intimidation; warning

English-Russian base dictionary > threat
5 stave off

(past & past p staved) v + o + adv, v + adv + o \<\<defeat/disaster\>\> evitar; \<\<danger/threat\>\> conjurar

VT + ADV
(pt, pp staved off) [+ attack, crisis, illness] evitar; [+ threat etc] evitar, conjurar; (temporarily) aplazar, posponer
* * *

(past & past p staved) v + o + adv, v + adv + o \<\<defeat/disaster\>\> evitar; \<\<danger/threat\>\> conjurar

English-spanish dictionary > stave off
6 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
7 let

I let present participle - letting; verb
1) (to allow or permit: She refused to let her children go out in the rain; Let me see your drawing.) dejar, permitir

2) (to cause to: I will let you know how much it costs.) hacer (saber)

3) (used for giving orders or suggestions: If they will not work, let them starve; Let's (= let us) leave right away!) que (+ subjuntivo)

•

- let alone
- let someone or something alone/be
- let alone/be
- let down
- let fall
- let go of
- let go
- let in
- out
- let in for
- let in on
- let off
- let up
- let well alone
II let present participle - letting; verb
(to give the use of (a house etc) in return for payment: He lets his house to visitors in the summer.) alquilar

- to let

let vb

1. dejar / permitir

my parents don't let me smoke mis padres no me dejan fumar

let me out! ¡déjame salir!

2. alquilar

they let their flat at the seaside to tourists alquilan su piso de la costa a turistas

to let go soltar

hold it tight and don't let go sujétalo fuerte y no lo sueltes

to let somebody know hacer saber / decir

if you need anything, just let me know si necesitas algo, dímelo

El pasado y participio pasado de let es let; el gerundio se escribe letting

let

tr[let]

noun

1 (tennis) let nombre masculino

————————

let

tr[let]

transitive verb (pt & pp let, ger letting)

1 (allow) dejar

■ he lets the children watch cartoon videos a los niños les deja mirar vídeos de dibujos animados

■ you should let your beard grow deberías dejarte barba

■ let me drive you home déjame acompañarte a casa (en coche)

auxiliar

1 que + subjuntivo

■ let him come que venga

■ let this be a warning que esto sirva de advertencia

■ let us pray oremos

■ let's go! ¡vamos!, ¡vámonos!

■ let's not argue about it no discutamos

transitive verb

1 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL (rent) alquilar

■ 'House to let' "Se alquila casa"

noun

1 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL (renting) alquiler nombre masculino

■ a short let un alquiler a corto plazo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

let alone... y mucho menos...

let me see / let's see a ver

to feel let down sentirse defraudado,-a

to let by dejar pasar

to let go of soltar

to let loose soltar, desatar

to let off steam desfogarse

to let oneself in for trouble meterse en un lío

to let somebody alone dejar a alguien en paz, no molestar a alguien

to let something alone no tocar algo

to let somebody down lightly decírselo a alguien con tacto

to let somebody in on something revelar algo a alguien

to let somebody know hacer saber a alguien, avisar a alguien

■ I'll let you know ya te lo diré

let ['lɛt] vt, let ; letting

1) allow: dejar, permitir

let me see it: déjame verlo

2) make: hacer

let me know: házmelo saber, avísame

let them wait: que esperen, haz que esperen

3) rent: alquilar

4) (used in the first person plural imperative)

let's go!: ¡vamos!, ¡vámonos!

let us pray: oremos

5)

to let down disappoint: fallar

6)

to let off forgive: perdonar

7)

to let out reveal: revelar

8)

to let up abate: amainar, disminuir

the pace never lets up: el ritmo nunca disminuye

let

conj.

• que conj.

pret., p.p.

(Preterito definido y participio pasivo de "to let")

adj.

• arrendable adj.

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: let) = alquilar v.

• arrendar v.

• dejar v.

• dejar pasar v.

• permitir v.

I let
noun (BrE) contrato m de arrendamiento m

they specialize in holiday lets — se especializan en el alquiler or el arrendamiento de residencias de vacaciones

II

(pres p letting; past & past p let) transitive verb

1) (no pass)

a) ( allow to) dejar

to let somebody/something + inf: let her speak déjala hablar; he let his hair grow se dejó crecer el pelo; let me help you deja que te ayude; don't let me keep you no te quiero entretener; let me see ¿a ver?, deja or déjame ver; you shouldn't let her talk to you like that no deberías permitir que te hable así; don't let me catch you here again! — que no te vuelva a pescar por aquí!; be II 1) a), drop II 5), rip I 2)

b) (cause to, make)

to let somebody/something + inf: let me have your answer tomorrow! dame la respuesta mañana; let me know if there are any problems avísame si hay algún problema; he let it be known that... — hizo saber que...

c)

to let go — soltar*

let go! you're hurting me! — suelta or suéltame, que me haces daño!

let go of my hand! — suéltame la mano!

to let somebody go — ( release somebody) soltar* a alguien; ( give somebody permission to go) dejar ir a alguien; ( fire somebody) (euph) despedir* a alguien

to let oneself go — ( enjoy oneself) soltarse*, soltarse* la melena (fam); ( neglect oneself) abandonarse

to let something go — \<\<garden\>\> descuidar; ( let something pass)

we'll let it go this time — por esta vez (que) pase, por esta vez lo pasaremos por alto

2) (+ adv compl)

to let something/somebody by o past — dejar pasar algo/a alguien

she let herself into the house — abrió la puerta y entró en la casa; see also let in, off, out

3) [Used to form 1st pers pl imperative]

a) ( in suggestions)

let's go — vamos, vámonos

let's dance! — vamos a bailar!

don't let's o let's not argue — no discutamos

b) (in requests, proposals, commands)

if we were to sell it for, let's say, $500 — si lo vendiéramos por, digamos, $500

let's be honest! — seamos honestos!

let's be quite clear about this — que esto quede bien claro

let us pray — (frml) oremos

4) [Used to form 3rd pers imperative, gen translated by que + subj in Spanish]

a) ( in commands)

let that be a lesson to you — que te sirva de lección

never let it be said that... — que no se diga que...

b) (expressing defiance, warning, threat)

just let them try! — que se atrevan!

c) ( in suppositions)

let x equal 4 — supongamos que x es igual a 4

5) ( rent) (esp BrE) alquilar

to let something to somebody — alquilarle algo a alguien

to let — se alquila

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- let down

- let in

- let off

- let on

- let out

- let up

I [let]
1. VT
(pt, pp let)
1) (=allow to)

a) (gen) dejar, permitir more frm

to let sb do sth — dejar or more frm permitir que algn haga algo, dejar or more frm permitir a algn hacer algo

my parents wouldn't let me go out with boys — mis padres no dejaban que saliera con chicos, mis padres no me dejaban salir con chicos

let me help you — déjeme ayudarle or que le ayude

let me take your coat — permítame que tome su abrigo

let me think — déjame pensar, a ver que piense

don't let me forget to post the letters — recuérdame que eche las cartas al correo

she wanted to help but her mother wouldn't let her — quería ayudar, pero su madre no la dejaba

pride wouldn't let him talk about the situation — su orgullo no le permitía hablar de la situación

to let o.s. be persuaded — dejarse persuadir

• don't let me catch you cheating again! — ¡no quiero volver a pillarte haciendo trampa!, ¡que no vuelva a pillarte haciendo trampa!

• you must let me be the judge of that — eso tengo que juzgarlo yo

• don't let me keep you — no quiero entretenerle

• now let me see — ¿a ver?, déjame que vea

• it's hard work, let me tell you — es mucho trabajo, te lo aseguro
alone 1., 2), a), be 1., 13), go 1., 24), rip 3., 2)
b) (in prayers, wishes)

please don't let it rain — por favor, que no llueva

don't let him die, she prayed — no dejes que se muera, le pidió a Dios

2) (=cause to)

• when can you let me have it? — ¿cuándo me lo puedes dejar?

I'll let you have it back tomorrow — te lo devuelvo mañana

he really let her have it about being late * — le echó una buena bronca por llegar tarde *

• to let it be known that — hacer saber que
slip 2., 5)
3) (+ prep, adv)

• they won't let you into the country — no te dejarán entrar en el país

he let himself into the flat — entró en el piso

• he wouldn't let me past — no me dejaba pasar

• the barrier rose to let the car through — la barrera subió para dejar pasar el coche

they wouldn't let us through the gate — no nos dejaban pasar en la entrada
let in, let out, secret 2.
4) (=forming imperative)

a) (1st person plural)

• her then boyfriend (let's call him Dave)... — el entonces novio suyo (llamémosle or vamos a llamarle Dave)...

• let's get out here — bajémonos aquí

• let's go! — ¡vámonos!

let's go for a walk — vamos a dar un paseo

• let's not or don't let's jump to conclusions — no nos precipitemos a sacar conclusiones

• let us pray — frm oremos

• if you weigh, let's say, 175 pounds... — si pesas, digamos, 175 libras...

let's say I'm very pleased with the results — digamos que estoy muy satisfecha con los resultados

• let's see, what was I saying? — a ver or déjame ver, ¿qué decía yo?

• "shall we eat now?" - "yes, let's" — -¿comemos ahora? -sí, venga or -sí, vale

"shall we go home now?" - "yes, let's" — -¿nos vamos a casa ahora? -¡sí, vamos! or -¡sí, vámonos!

b) (forming 3rd-person imperative)

let them wait — que esperen

"people may complain" - "let them" — -puede que la gente se queje -pues que lo hagan

let people say what they will, we know we are right — que la gente diga lo que quiera, nosotros sabemos que tenemos razón

• let that be a lesson to you! — ¡que eso te sirva de lección!

• let there be light — hágase la luz

• never let it be said that... — que nunca se diga que...

5) (Math)

let X be 6 — supongamos que X equivale a 6

6) (esp Brit) (=rent out) alquilar, arrendar (to a)

to let — se alquila

7) (=put)

• a plaque let into a wall — una lápida empotrada en una pared

8) (Med) [+ blood] sacar

2.

N

• we're converting the barn for holiday lets — estamos remodelando el granero para alquilarlo durante las vacaciones

• long/ short let — alquiler m a corto/largo plazo

- let away

- let by

- let down

- let in

- let off

- let on

- let out

- let up

II

[let]
N
1) (Tennis) dejada f, let m

2) (Jur)

without let or hindrance — sin estorbo ni obstáculo
LET
Meaning "allow"
► Translate using either dejar, especially in informal contexts, or permitir, especially in more formal contexts. Both verbs can be followed either by an infinitive or by que + ((subjunctive)):
Let me do it Déjame hacerlo, Déjame que lo haga
Let her have a look Deja que ella lo vea, Déjale verlo
We must not let the children see this No debemos permitir que los niños vean esto or permitir a los niños ver esto
Imperative
First person plural ► Translate let's and let us + ((verb)) using either vamos a + ((infinitive)) or using the present subjunctive of the main verb. The second construction is used particularly in formal language and when translating let's not:
Let's go for a walk! Vamos a dar un paseo
Let's consider the implications of the Government's decision Consideremos las implicaciones de la decisión del Gobierno
Let's not waste any more time No perdamos ya más tiempo To translate l et's go, use vamos or vámonos o n its own without a following infinitive:
Let's go to the theatre ¡Vamos al teatro! ► When let's is used on its own to reply to a suggestion, translate using vamos or vámonos i f the verb in the suggestion was ir. Use vale or venga if not:
"Shall we go?" - "Yes, let's" "¿Nos vamos?" - "¡Sí, vamos!" or "¡Sí, vámonos!"
"Shall we watch the match?" - "Yes, let's" "¿Vemos el partido?" - "Sí, vale" or "Sí, venga"
Third person ► When let introduces a command, suggestion or wish in the third person, translate using que + ((subjunctive)):
Let him come up! ¡Que suba!
Let there be no misunderstanding about this ¡Que no haya ningún malentendido sobre esto!
Let them do as they like ¡Que hagan lo que quieran! ► Be careful to distinguish between the "permission" sense of let sb do something and the "command" sense:
Please let them stay here (i.e. Please allow them to stay) Déjalos que se queden aquí or Déjalos quedarse aquí, por favor
Let them stay here! (i.e. expressing a decision or an order) ¡Que se queden aquí! When que is used in this sense, it never takes an accent. For further uses and examples, see main entry
* * *

I [let]
noun (BrE) contrato m de arrendamiento m

they specialize in holiday lets — se especializan en el alquiler or el arrendamiento de residencias de vacaciones

II

(pres p letting; past & past p let) transitive verb

1) (no pass)

a) ( allow to) dejar

to let somebody/something + inf: let her speak déjala hablar; he let his hair grow se dejó crecer el pelo; let me help you deja que te ayude; don't let me keep you no te quiero entretener; let me see ¿a ver?, deja or déjame ver; you shouldn't let her talk to you like that no deberías permitir que te hable así; don't let me catch you here again! — que no te vuelva a pescar por aquí!; be II 1) a), drop II 5), rip I 2)

b) (cause to, make)

to let somebody/something + inf: let me have your answer tomorrow! dame la respuesta mañana; let me know if there are any problems avísame si hay algún problema; he let it be known that... — hizo saber que...

c)

to let go — soltar*

let go! you're hurting me! — suelta or suéltame, que me haces daño!

let go of my hand! — suéltame la mano!

to let somebody go — ( release somebody) soltar* a alguien; ( give somebody permission to go) dejar ir a alguien; ( fire somebody) (euph) despedir* a alguien

to let oneself go — ( enjoy oneself) soltarse*, soltarse* la melena (fam); ( neglect oneself) abandonarse

to let something go — \<\<garden\>\> descuidar; ( let something pass)

we'll let it go this time — por esta vez (que) pase, por esta vez lo pasaremos por alto

2) (+ adv compl)

to let something/somebody by o past — dejar pasar algo/a alguien

she let herself into the house — abrió la puerta y entró en la casa; see also let in, off, out

3) [Used to form 1st pers pl imperative]

a) ( in suggestions)

let's go — vamos, vámonos

let's dance! — vamos a bailar!

don't let's o let's not argue — no discutamos

b) (in requests, proposals, commands)

if we were to sell it for, let's say, $500 — si lo vendiéramos por, digamos, $500

let's be honest! — seamos honestos!

let's be quite clear about this — que esto quede bien claro

let us pray — (frml) oremos

4) [Used to form 3rd pers imperative, gen translated by que + subj in Spanish]

a) ( in commands)

let that be a lesson to you — que te sirva de lección

never let it be said that... — que no se diga que...

b) (expressing defiance, warning, threat)

just let them try! — que se atrevan!

c) ( in suppositions)

let x equal 4 — supongamos que x es igual a 4

5) ( rent) (esp BrE) alquilar

to let something to somebody — alquilarle algo a alguien

to let — se alquila

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- let down

- let in

- let off

- let on

- let out

- let up

English-spanish dictionary > let
8 hang

hæŋ
past tense, past participle - hung; verb

1) (to put or fix, or to be put or fixed, above the ground eg by a hook: We'll hang the picture on that wall; The picture is hanging on the wall.) colgar

2) (to fasten (something), or to be fastened, at the top or side so that it can move freely but cannot fall: A door hangs by its hinges.) colgar, pender

3) ((past tense, past participle hanged) to kill, or to be killed, by having a rope put round the neck and being allowed to drop: Murderers used to be hanged in the United Kingdom, but no-one hangs for murder now.) colgar, ahorcar

4) ((often with down or out) to be bending, drooping or falling downwards: The dog's tongue was hanging out; Her hair was hanging down.) colgar; caer

5) (to bow (one's head): He hung his head in shame.) inclinar, bajar

•

- hanger
- hanging
- hangings
- hangman
- hangover
- get the hang of
- hang about/around
- hang back
- hang in the balance
- hang on
- hang together
- hang up

hang vb

1. colgar

I hung the picture on the wall colgué el cuadro en la pared

Cuande hang quiere decir colgar, el pasado y el participio pasado es hung

2. ahorcar

he was hanged for murder lo ahorcaron por asesinato

Cuando hang quiere decir ahorcar, es un verbo regular: hang, hanged, hanged

hang

tr[hæŋ]

transitive verb

1 (pt & pp hung tr[hʌŋ]) (gen) colgar

2 (pt & pp hung tr[hʌŋ]) (wallpaper) colocar

3 (pt & pp hanged) SMALLLAW/SMALL ahorcar

intransitive verb

1 (pt & pp hung tr[hʌŋ]) colgar, pender (float) flotar

2 (pt & pp hung tr[hʌŋ]) (dress etc) caer

3 (pt & pp hanged) SMALLLAW/SMALL ser ahorcado,-a

noun

1 (of dress etc) caída

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

hang loose! familiar ¡tranqui!

to get the hang of something cogerle el tranquillo a algo

to hang in the air flotar en el aire

to hang up one's boots colgar las botas

hang ['hæŋ] v, hung ['hʌŋ] ; hanging vt

1) suspend: colgar, tender, suspender

2) past tense often hanged execute: colgar, ahorcar

3)

to hang one's head : bajar la cabeza

hang vi

1) fall: caer (dícese de las telas y la ropa)

2) dangle: colgar

3) hover: flotar, sostenerse en el aire

4) : ser ahorcado

5) droop: inclinarse

6)

to hang up : colgar

he hung up on me: me colgó

hang n

1) drape: caída f

2)

to get the hang of something : colgarle el truco a algo, lograr entender algo

hang

n.

• sentido s.m.

• significado s.m.

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: hung) (•§ p.,p.p.: hanged•) = ahorcar v.

• guindar v.

• inclinar v.

• pender v.

• suspender v.

I
1. hæŋ
transitive verb

1) (past & past p hung)

a) ( suspend) \<\<coat/picture\>\> colgar*

the streets were hung with flags — las calles estaban adornadas con banderas

b) ( put in position) \<\<door/gate\>\> colocar*, montar

to hang wallpaper — empapelar

c) ( Culin) \<\<game\>\> manir

d)

to hang one's head — bajar or inclinar la cabeza

2) (past & past p hanged or hung) ( execute) ahorcar*, colgar*

2.

vi

1) (past p hung)

a) ( be suspended) colgar*, pender (liter), estar* colgado

to hang BY/FROM/ON something — colgar* de algo

it's hanging on the wall — está colgado en la pared

they were hanging on his every word — estaban totalmente pendientes de lo que decía or de sus palabras

hang loose! — (esp AmE sl) tranquilo!

to hang tough on something — (AmE) mantenerse* firme en algo

b) ( hover) \<\<fog/smoke\>\> flotar; \<\<bird\>\> planear, cernerse*

to hang OVER something: the mist hung over the marshes la bruma flotaba sobre las marismas; I still have that essay hanging over me — todavía tengo ese ensayo pendiente

c) \<\<clothing/fabric\>\> caer*

that skirt hangs very well — esa falda tiene muy buena caída or cae muy bien

2) (past & past p hanged or hung) ( be executed)

his murderers should hang for their crime — sus asesinos deberían ir a la horca por este crimen

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- hang about

- hang around

- hang back

- hang in

- hang on

- hang out

- hang together

- hang up

- hang upon

II

noun (no pl) ( of garment) caída f

to get the hang of something — (colloq) agarrarle la onda a algo (AmL fam), cogerle* el tranquillo a algo (Esp fam), agarrarle la mano a algo (CS fam)

[hæŋ] (pt, pp hung)
1. TRANSITIVE VERB

1) (=suspend) [+ coat, curtains] colgar; [+ picture] (on wall) colgar; (as exhibit) exponer; [+ washing] tender; [+ wallpaper] pegar; [+ door] colocar; (Culin) [+ game] manir

he hung the rope over the side of the boat — colgó la cuerda de la borda del barco

are you any good at hanging wallpaper? — ¿se te da bien empapelar?

- hang one's head

he hung his head in shame — bajó or agachó la cabeza avergonzado
peg 1., 3), hung over
2) (=decorate) adornar

the walls were hung with tapestries — las paredes estaban adornadas con tapices

trees hung with lights — árboles adornados con luces

3) (pt, pp hanged)

a) [+ criminal] ahorcar

he was hanged, drawn and quartered — lo ahorcaron, destriparon y descuartizaron

to hang o.s. — ahorcarse

- I might as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb

b) †
* (=damn)
hang the expense! — ¡al diablo (con) los gastos!

hang it (all)! — ¡qué demonios!

I'll be hanged if I know! — ¡que me aspen or maten si lo sé!

4) (US) (=turn)

hang a right here — gira or dobla or tuerce a la derecha aquí

5) (=hold)
see fire 1., 7)
2. INTRANSITIVE VERB

1) (=be suspended) colgar

• a light-bulb was hanging from the ceiling — una bombilla colgaba del techo

I was hanging from the ledge by my fingertips — estaba colgado de la cornisa sujeto por la punta de los dedos

• his portrait hangs in the National Gallery — su retrato está expuesto en la National Gallery

• let your arms hang loose at your sides — deje los brazos sueltos or caídos

hang loose! — (US) * (fig) ¡tranqui! *, ¡relájate!

• your coat is hanging on the hook — tu abrigo está colgado en el perchero

a picture hanging on the wall — un cuadro colgado en la pared

- and thereby hangs a tale
thread 1., 1)
2) (=be positioned)

• to hang open: the door hung open — (=not closed) la puerta estaba abierta; (=partly off hinges) la puerta estaba encajada

her mouth hung open in surprise — se quedó boquiabierta

• to hang out of the window — [person] asomarse por la ventana; [thing] colgar de la ventana

• I can't work with you hanging over me like that — no puedo trabajar contigo pendiente de todo lo que hago

3) (=flow) [rope, garment, hair] caer

• her hair hangs down her back — el pelo le cae por la espalda

• it's a fabric that hangs well — es una tela que tiene muy buena caída

4) (pt, pp hanged) (=be hanged) [criminal] morir en la horca

he'll hang for it — lo ahorcarán por esto

5) (=hover) [fog] flotar

• his breath hung in the icy air — su aliento flotaba en el aire helado

the hawk hung motionless in the sky — el halcón se cernía inmóvil en el cielo

• the threat hanging over us — la amenaza que se cierne sobre nosotros

a question mark hangs over many of their futures — se cierne un or una interrogante sobre el porvenir de muchos de ellos

6)

- go hang

he can go hang as far as I'm concerned — por mí que se pudra

- hang tough

she hung tough despite the pressure — pese a las presiones no dio su brazo a torcer

3. NOUN

1) [of garment] caída f

2)

- get the hang of sth

I'll never get the hang of this oven — nunca aprenderé a usar este horno, nunca le cogeré el tranquillo a este horno

- I don't give or care a hang

- hang about

- hang around

- hang back

- hang in

- hang on

- hang on to

- hang out

- hang round

- hang together

- hang up

* * *

I
1. [hæŋ]
transitive verb

1) (past & past p hung)

a) ( suspend) \<\<coat/picture\>\> colgar*

the streets were hung with flags — las calles estaban adornadas con banderas

b) ( put in position) \<\<door/gate\>\> colocar*, montar

to hang wallpaper — empapelar

c) ( Culin) \<\<game\>\> manir

d)

to hang one's head — bajar or inclinar la cabeza

2) (past & past p hanged or hung) ( execute) ahorcar*, colgar*

2.

vi

1) (past p hung)

a) ( be suspended) colgar*, pender (liter), estar* colgado

to hang BY/FROM/ON something — colgar* de algo

it's hanging on the wall — está colgado en la pared

they were hanging on his every word — estaban totalmente pendientes de lo que decía or de sus palabras

hang loose! — (esp AmE sl) tranquilo!

to hang tough on something — (AmE) mantenerse* firme en algo

b) ( hover) \<\<fog/smoke\>\> flotar; \<\<bird\>\> planear, cernerse*

to hang OVER something: the mist hung over the marshes la bruma flotaba sobre las marismas; I still have that essay hanging over me — todavía tengo ese ensayo pendiente

c) \<\<clothing/fabric\>\> caer*

that skirt hangs very well — esa falda tiene muy buena caída or cae muy bien

2) (past & past p hanged or hung) ( be executed)

his murderers should hang for their crime — sus asesinos deberían ir a la horca por este crimen

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- hang about

- hang around

- hang back

- hang in

- hang on

- hang out

- hang together

- hang up

- hang upon

II

noun (no pl) ( of garment) caída f

to get the hang of something — (colloq) agarrarle la onda a algo (AmL fam), cogerle* el tranquillo a algo (Esp fam), agarrarle la mano a algo (CS fam)

English-spanish dictionary > hang
9 hang

hang [hæŋ]

accrocher ⇒ 1 (a) suspendre ⇒ 1 (a) fixer ⇒ 1 (a) coller ⇒ 1 (a) décorer ⇒ 1 (b) pendre ⇒ 1 (c), 2 (a) être accroché ⇒ 2 (a) être suspendu ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (c) être étendu ⇒ 2 (a) tomber ⇒ 2 (b) flotter ⇒ 2 (c) être pendu ⇒ 2 (d)

(pt & pp vt senses (a), (b), (d) & vi senses (a)-(c), (e) hung [hʌŋ], pt & pp vt (c) & intransitive verb (d) hanged)

1 transitive verb

(a) (suspend → curtains, coat, decoration, picture) accrocher, suspendre; (→ door) fixer, monter; (→ art exhibition) mettre en place; (→ wallpaper) coller, poser; Cookery (→ game, meat) faire faisander;

∎ to hang sth on the wall accrocher qch au mur;

∎ they hung banners from their windows ils ont accroché des bannières à leurs fenêtres;

∎ to hang a picture suspendre un tableau;

∎ British to hang one's head (in shame) baisser la tête (de honte);

∎ American familiar to hang one on sb (punch) balancer un coup de poing à qn;

∎ to hang fire (project) être en suspens; (decision) traîner (en longueur); (person) mettre les choses en suspens

(b) (usu passive) (adorn) décorer;

∎ a tree hung with lights un arbre décoré ou orné de lumières;

∎ to hang a room with tapestries tendre une salle de tapisseries

(c) (criminal) pendre;

∎ to be hanged for one's crime être pendu pour son crime;

∎ to hang oneself se pendre;

∎ hanged or hung, drawn and quartered pendu, éviscéré et écartelé;

∎ familiar hang him! qu'il aille se faire voir!;

∎ British familiar I'll be hanged if I know je veux bien être pendu si je le sais;

∎ British familiar I'll be hanged if I'm going out in that weather il n'y a pas de danger que je sorte par ce temps^□ ;

∎ British familiar hang it (all)! ras le bol!;

∎ British (you) might as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb quitte à être puni, autant l'être pour quelque chose qui en vaille la peine

(d) American familiar (turn)

∎ to hang a left/right prendre à gauche/droite^□

2 intransitive verb

(a) (be suspended → rope, painting, light) être accroché, être suspendu; (→ clothes on clothes line) être étendu, pendre; Cookery (of game) se faisander;

∎ to hang from sth être accroché ou suspendu à qch;

∎ to hang on sb's arm être accroché au bras de qn;

∎ her pictures are now hanging in several art galleries ses tableaux sont maintenant exposés dans plusieurs galeries d'art;

∎ the way her hair hangs down her back la façon dont ses cheveux lui tombent le long du dos;

∎ time hangs heavy (on) my/his hands le temps me/lui semble long;

∎ familiar how's it hanging? ça gaze?;

∎ American familiar to hang loose rester cool;

∎ American familiar hang loose! détends-toi!^□, cool!;

∎ American familiar to hang tough s'accrocher

(b) (of drapery, clothes etc) tomber, se draper;

∎ his suit hangs well son costume tombe bien;

∎ his clothes hang loosely on him il flotte dans ses vêtements;

∎ this door hangs badly cette porte est mal suspendue (sur ses gonds)

(c) (float → mist, smoke etc) flotter, être suspendu;

∎ the ball seemed to hang in the air le ballon semblait suspendu en l'air

(d) (criminal) être pendu;

∎ you'll hang for your crime vous serez pendu pour votre crime;

∎ British familiar she can go hang elle peut aller se faire voir

(e) American familiar (spend time) traîner^□ ;

∎ he's hanging with his friends il traîne avec ses copains

3 noun

(a) familiar (knack, idea)

∎ to get the hang of doing sth prendre le coup pour faire qch;

∎ I never did get the hang of skiing je n'ai jamais réussi à prendre le coup pour skier;

∎ to get the hang of sth (understand) piger qch;

∎ I can't get the hang of this computer je n'arrive pas à piger comment marche cet ordinateur;

∎ are you getting the hang of your new job? est-ce que tu te fais à ton nouveau travail?^□ ;

∎ you'll soon get the hang of it tu vas bientôt t'y faire^□

(b) (of clothing) tombé m; (of material) drapé m

(c) (idiom) British familiar

∎ he doesn't give a hang (couldn't care less) il n'en a rien à taper ou à cirer

➲ hang about, hang around familiar

1 intransitive verb

(a) (wait) poireauter;

∎ he kept me hanging about or around for half an hour il m'a fait poireauter pendant une demi-heure;

∎ I've been hanging about or around waiting for her to come je tourne en rond à l'attendre;

∎ I hate all this hanging about or around je déteste toute cette attente^□, je déteste poireauter comme ça;

∎ British hang about (a bit)! attends!^□ ;

∎ hang about, that's not what I mean! attends ou doucement, ce n'est pas ce que je veux dire!^□

(b) (be idle, waste time) traîner (à ne rien faire)^□ ;

∎ to hang about or around on street corners traîner dans les rues;

∎ to hang about the house doing nothing traîner à la maison à rien faire;

∎ we can't afford to hang about if we want that contract nous ne pouvons pas nous permettre de traîner si nous voulons obtenir ce contrat;

∎ she doesn't hang about or around (soon gets what she wants) elle ne perd pas de temps^□

(c) (be an unwanted presence)

∎ Mum doesn't want me hanging around when the guests arrive maman ne veut pas que je sois là quand les invités arriveront^□ ;

∎ that kid's been hanging around for the past hour ça fait une heure que ce gamin traîne dans les parages

2 inseparable transitive verb

∎ to hang about or around a place traîner dans un endroit^□

➲ hang about with inseparable transitive verb

British familiar traîner avec^□ ;

∎ I don't like the boys she hangs about with je n'aime pas les garçons avec qui elle traîne

➲ hang back intransitive verb

(wait behind) rester un peu plus longtemps; (not go forward) se tenir ou rester en arrière;

∎ to hang back from doing sth renâcler à faire qch;

∎ British figurative he hung back from saying what he really thought il s'est retenu de dire ce qu'il pensait vraiment

➲ hang down intransitive verb

(light) pendre; (hair) descendre, tomber

➲ hang in intransitive verb

familiar

∎ hang in there! tiens bon!, accroche-toi!

➲ hang on

1 intransitive verb

(a) (hold tight) se tenir, s'accrocher;

∎ hang on tight tiens-toi ou accroche-toi bien

(b) familiar (wait) attendre^□ ;

∎ hang on! (wait) attends!^□ ; (indicating astonishment, disagreement etc) une minute!^□ ;

∎ hang on and I'll get him for you (on phone) ne quitte pas, je te le passe^□ ;

∎ do you mind hanging on for a minute or two? ça ne te dérange pas de patienter quelques minutes?^□ ;

∎ I've been hanging on for the past quarter of an hour! (on phone) ça fait un quart d'heure que j'attends!^□

(c) (hold out, survive) résister, tenir (bon);

∎ familiar hang on in there! (don't give up) tiens bon!, tiens le coup!

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (listen to)

∎ she hung on his every word elle buvait ses paroles, elle était suspendue à ses lèvres

(b) (depend on) dépendre de;

∎ it all hangs on whether we get the loan pour nous, tout dépend de l'obtention ou non du prêt;

∎ this is what it all hangs on tout dépend de cela

3 separable transitive verb

American familiar

∎ to hang one on (get drunk) prendre une cuite

➲ hang onto inseparable transitive verb

(a) (cling to) s'accrocher à

(b) familiar (keep) garder^□, conserver^□ ;

∎ I'd hang onto that table if I were you à ta place, je garderais précieusement cette table;

∎ he hung onto these outdated ideas il se raccrochait à ces idées démodées^□

➲ hang out

1 intransitive verb

(a) (protrude) pendre;

∎ his shirt tails were hanging out sa chemise dépassait;

∎ to hang out of the window (flags) être déployé à la fenêtre; (person) se pencher par la fenêtre;

∎ familiar to let it all hang out (person) se relâcher complètement^□, se laisser aller^□ ; (speak without restraint) se défouler; humorous (go naked) se promener tout nu^□

(b) familiar (spend time) traîner^□ ;

∎ he hangs out at the local bar c'est un habitué du café du coin^□ ;

∎ where does she hang out? quels sont les endroits qu'elle fréquente?^□

(c) (survive, not give in) résister, tenir bon;

∎ they won't be able to hang out for more than another two days ils ne résisteront ou ne tiendront pas plus de deux jours;

∎ the strikers are hanging out in their demands les grévistes tiennent bon dans leurs revendications;

∎ they're hanging out for 10 percent ils insistent pour obtenir 10 pour cent

2 separable transitive verb

(washing) étendre; (flags) déployer

➲ hang out with inseparable transitive verb

familiar fréquenter^□ ;

∎ she hangs out with a group of artists elle fréquente un groupe d'artistes

➲ hang over inseparable transitive verb

être suspendu au-dessus de, planer sur;

∎ (a) thick fog hung over the town un brouillard épais flottait au-dessus de la ville;

∎ a question mark hangs over his future un point d'interrogation plane sur son avenir;

∎ a heavy silence hung over the meeting un lourd silence pesait sur l'assemblée;

∎ she has got the threat of redundancy hanging over her head or her une menace de licenciement plane sur elle;

∎ I can't go out with exams hanging over me avec les examens qui approchent, je ne peux pas sortir;

∎ we've got the threat of eviction hanging over us nous risquons d'être expulsés d'une minute à l'autre

➲ hang together intransitive verb

(a) (be united → people) se serrer les coudes

(b) (be consistent → alibi, argument, plot etc) (se) tenir; (→ different alibis, statements) concorder

➲ hang up

1 separable transitive verb

(coat, hat etc) accrocher; Telecommunications (receiver) raccrocher;

∎ to hang up one's boots/gloves/dancing shoes/ etc (retire) raccrocher;

∎ American familiar to hang it up (stop) laisser tomber

2 intransitive verb

(a) Telecommunications raccrocher;

∎ to hang up on sb raccrocher au nez de qn

(b) Computing (cease functioning) s'arrêter

➲ hang with inseparable transitive verb

American familiar

∎ to hang with sb traîner avec qn^□

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > hang
10 hang

1. transitive verb,
hung (see also academic.ru/23063/e">e)

1) (support from above) hängen; aufhängen [Gardinen]

hang something from something — etwas an etwas (Dat.) aufhängen

2) (place on wall) aufhängen [Bild, Gemälde, Zeichnung]

3) (paste up) ankleben [Tapete]

4) (Cookery) abhängen lassen [Fleisch, Wild]

5) p.t., p.p. hanged (execute) hängen, (ugs.) aufhängen ( for wegen)

hang oneself — sich erhängen od. (ugs.) aufhängen

I'll be or I am hanged if... — (fig.) der Henker soll mich holen, wenn...

hang the expense! — die Kosten interessieren mich nicht

6) (let droop)

hang one's head in shame — beschämt den Kopf senken
2. intransitive verb,
hung

1) (be supported from above) hängen; [Kleid usw.:] fallen

hang from the ceiling — an der Decke hängen

hang by a rope — an einem Strick hängen

hang in there! — (coll.) halte durch!

time hangs heavily or heavy on somebody — die Zeit wird jemandem lang

2) (be executed) hängen

3) (droop)

the dog's ears and tail hung [down] — der Hund ließ die Ohren und den Schwanz hängen

his head hung — er hielt den Kopf gesenkt
3. noun, no pl.
get the hang of — (fig. coll.): (get the knack of, understand) klarkommen mit (ugs.) [Gerät, Arbeit]

you'll soon get the hang of it/doing it — du wirst den Bogen bald raushaben (ugs.) /wirst bald raushaben, wie man es macht

Phrasal Verbs:

- hang about

- hang back

- hang on

- hang out

- hang together

- hang up

* * *
[hæŋ]
past tense, past participle - hung; verb

1) (to put or fix, or to be put or fixed, above the ground eg by a hook: We'll hang the picture on that wall; The picture is hanging on the wall.) hängen

2) (to fasten (something), or to be fastened, at the top or side so that it can move freely but cannot fall: A door hangs by its hinges.) hängen

3) ((past tense, past participle hanged) to kill, or to be killed, by having a rope put round the neck and being allowed to drop: Murderers used to be hanged in the United Kingdom, but no-one hangs for murder now.) aufhängen

4) ((often with down or out) to be bending, drooping or falling downwards: The dog's tongue was hanging out; Her hair was hanging down.) hängen

5) (to bow (one's head): He hung his head in shame.) senken

•

- hanger
- hanging
- hangings
- hangman
- hangover
- get the hang of
- hang about/around
- hang back
- hang in the balance
- hang on
- hang together
- hang up
* * *

hang

[hæŋ]

I. n no pl

1. (fall) of drapery Fall m; of clothes Sitz m

2. (position) of pictures, exhibits Platzierung f; of sb's head [Kopf]haltung f

3. ( fig fam)

to get the \hang of sth (master a skill) bei etw dat den [richtigen] Dreh [o Bogen] herausbekommen fam; (understand) auf den [richtigen] Trichter kommen BRD fam

he managed to get the \hang of philosophy er kriegte einen Draht zur Philosophie fam

II. vt

<hung, hung>

1. (put on hook, hanger)

▪ to \hang sth etw aufhängen

▪ to \hang sth [up]on sth clothing on hanger etw an etw dat aufhängen, etw an etw akk hängen

to \hang sth from a hook etw an einem Haken aufhängen

2. (put on wall)

▪ to \hang sth painting, etc. etw aufhängen

the Tate Gallery hung her works die Tate Gallery stellte ihre Werke aus

to \hang a door eine Tür einhängen

to \hang sth from a nail etw an einem Nagel aufhängen, etw an einen Nagel hängen

to \hang wallpaper [on a wall] [eine Wand] tapezieren

3. (decorate)

▪ to \hang sth with sth etw mit etw dat behängen

4.

<hung or -ed, hung or -ed>

(execute)

▪ to \hang sb jdn [auf]hängen

▪ to \hang oneself sich akk aufhängen [o erhängen]

to \hang sb in effigy jdn symbolisch aufhängen

to be hung [or \hanged], drawn and quartered ( hist) gehängt, gestreckt und gevierteilt werden

the \hang 'em and flog 'em BRIT ( pej) die Befürworter der Todesstrafe

5. (let droop)

to \hang one's head den Kopf hängen lassen

to \hang one's head in shame beschämt den Kopf senken

6. ( fig: postpone)

to \hang fire [es] abwarten [können]

7. FOOD meat etw abhängen [lassen]

8.

▶ \hang the cost [or expense]! ganz egal, was es kostet!

▶ I'll be [or I'm] \hanged! da will ich verdammt sein! fam

▶ I'll be \hanged if... der Teufel soll mich holen, wenn... fam

▶ I'm [or I'll be] \hanged if I know das juckt mich nicht die Bohne! fam, das ist mir Wurst! ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ fam, das ist mir Blunzen [o ÖSTERR Powidl]! sl

▶ \hang it [all]! zum Henker [o Kuckuck] damit! fam, verdammt! fam

▶ you might as well be \hanged [or hung] for a sheep as for a lamb esp BRIT, AUS ( prov) wenn schon, denn schon

III. vi

1.

<hung, hung>

(be suspended) hängen; (fall) clothes fallen, herunterhängen pej

the curtains \hang in thick folds die Vorhänge werfen breite Falten

a heavy gold necklace hung around her neck eine schwere Goldkette lag um ihren Hals

to \hang from a hook an einem Haken hängen

▪ to \hang down herunterhängen, herabhängen geh

2.

<hung, hung>

(bend) behangen sein

the branches hung heavy with snow die Äste hingen voll Schnee

3.

<hanged, hanged>

(die by execution) hängen

let sb/sth go \hang ( hum) jdn/etw abschreiben fam

4.

<hung, hung>

(remain in air) mist, smoke, smell hängen, schweben geh

to \hang in the balance ( fig) in der Schwebe sein

▪ to \hang above [or over] sb/sth über jdm/etw hängen [o geh schweben

5.

<hung, hung>

(rely on)

▪ to \hang [up]on sb/sth von jdm/etw abhängen

6.

<hung, hung>

(listen carefully)

▪ to \hang upon sth etw dat folgen

to \hang on sb's [every] word an jds Lippen hängen

7.

<hung, hung>

(keep)

▪ to \hang onto sth etw behalten

8.

<hung, hung>

AM ( fam: expression of negative emotion)

sb can go \hang! zum Henker [o Kuckuck] mit jdm!, jd kann mir [mal] gestohlen bleiben!

9.

<hung, hung>

AM ( fam: loll about)

to \hang at a place an einem Ort rumhängen [o herumlümmeln] fam, sich akk an einem Ort herumtreiben [o fam herumdrücken

10. COMPUT sich aufhängen

11.

▶ to \hang by a hair [or thread] an einem [dünnen [o seidenen]] Faden hängen

▶ to \hang in [ BRIT on] there ( fam) am Ball [o bei der Stange] bleiben fam

* * *
[hŋ] vb: pret, ptp hung
1. vt

1) hängen; painting, curtains, decorations, clothes aufhängen; door, gate einhängen; (COOK) game abhängen lassen

to hang wallpaper — tapezieren

to hang sth from sth — etw an etw (dat) aufhängen

to hang sth on a hook —

to hang clothes on the line — Wäsche auf die Leine hängen

2)

the rooms of the castle were hung with priceless pictures — kostbare Gemälde hingen in den Räumen des Schlosses

the walls were hung with tapestries — die Wände waren mit Gobelins behängt

they hung the windows/streets with bunting — sie schmückten die Fenster/Straßen mit Fahnen

3)

to hang one's head — den Kopf hängen lassen

4)

to hang fire ( lit : guns ) — das Feuer einstellen; ( fig, people ) zögern

I think we should hang fire a little longer (fig) — ich glaube, wir sollten noch etwas (zu)warten

5) pret, ptp hanged criminal hängen, aufhängen, henken (form)

hung, drawn and quartered — gehängt, gestreckt und gevierteilt

to hang oneself — sich erhängen or aufhängen (inf)

6) (inf)

hang him! — zum Kuckuck mit ihm

(I'm) hanged if I will... — den Teufel werd ich... (inf)

(I'm) hanged if I know — weiß der Henker (inf)

hang it! — so ein Mist (inf), verflixt (noch mal) (inf)

hang the cost! — ist doch piepegal, was es kostet (inf)

2. vi

1) (curtains, painting) hängen (on an +dat, from von); (drapery, clothes, hair) fallen; (inelegantly) (herunter)hängen; (pheasant etc) abhängen

2) (gloom, fog etc) hängen (over über +dat)

to hang in the air (fig) — in der Schwebe sein

the question was left hanging in the air — die Frage blieb im Raum stehen

the hawk hung motionless in the sky — der Falke stand bewegungslos in der Luft

time hangs heavy on my hands —

the constant threat of unemployment hangs over us or our heads — über uns hängt die ständige Angst vor der Arbeitslosigkeit

See:

→ also balance

3) (criminal) gehängt werden, hängen

to be sentenced to hang — zum Tod durch Erhängen verurteilt werden

4)

it/he can go hang! (inf) — es/er kann mir gestohlen bleiben (inf)

how's it hanging? ( US sl ) — wie gehts, wie stehts?

3. n

1) (of drapery) Fall m; (of suit) Sitz m

2) no pl (inf)

to get the hang of sth — den (richtigen) Dreh bei etw herauskriegen or -finden (inf)

to get the hang of doing sth — den Dreh herausbekommen, wie man etw macht (inf)

* * *

hang [hæŋ]

A s

1. Hängen n, Fall m, Sitz m (eines Kleids etc)

2. umg

a) Bedeutung f, Sinn m

b) (richtige) Handhabung:

get the hang of sth etwas kapieren, hinter etwas kommen, den Dreh rauskriegen bei etwas (alle umg);

have the hang of sth etwas kapiert haben, etwas raushaben

3. I don’t care ( oder give) a hang! umg das ist mir völlig schnuppe!

4. (kurze) Pause, Stillstand m

5. Abhang m, Neigung f

B v/t prät und pperf hung [hʌŋ] oder (für 9 und 10) hanged

1. (from, to, on) aufhängen (an dat), hängen (an akk):

hang sth on a hook;

be hung to ( oder from) aufgehängt sein oder hängen an (dat), herabhängen von;

hang sth on sb fig jemandem etwas anhängen

2. (zum Trocknen etc) aufhängen:

hung beef gedörrtes Rindfleisch

3. TECH eine Tür, eine Karosserie etc einhängen

4. (auf)hängen:

hang o.s. sich erhängen ( from an einem Baum etc; by an seiner Krawatte etc);

I’ll be hanged first! umg eher lasse ich mich hängen!;

I’ll be hanged if … umg ich will mich hängen lassen, wenn …;

hang it (all)! umg zum Henker damit!

5. a) jemanden an den Galgen bringen

b) fig jemandem das Genick brechen

6. den Kopf hängen lassen oder senken

7. eine Wand etc behängen ( with mit):

the walls were hung with … auch an den Wänden hingen …

8. Tapeten anbringen, ankleben

9. JUR US die Geschworenen an der Entscheidung hindern (durch Nichtzustimmung):

it was a hung jury die Geschworenen konnten sich (über die Schuldfrage) nicht einigen

10. → fire A 9

C v/i

1. hängen, baumeln ( beide:

by, on an dat):

hang by a rope;

hang by a thread fig an einem Faden hängen;

hang in the air bes fig in der Luft hängen;

hang on(to) ( oder upon) sb’s lips ( oder words) an jemandes Lippen hängen; → balance A 2

2. hängen, ein- oder aufgehängt sein

3. hängen, gehängt werden:

he will hang for it dafür wird er hängen;

let sth go hang umg sich den Teufel um etwas scheren;

let it go hang! umg zum Henker damit!

4. (herab)hängen, fallen (Kleid, Vorhang etc)

5. sich senken, sich neigen, abfallen

6. hang on fig hängen an (dat), abhängen von

7. hang on fig sich hängen an (akk), sich festhalten an (dat), sich klammern an (akk)

8. unentschlossen sein, zögern

9. → heavy C

10. hang tough umg stur oder hart bleiben, nicht nachgeben

* * *
1. transitive verb,
hung (see also e)

1) (support from above) hängen; aufhängen [Gardinen]

hang something from something — etwas an etwas (Dat.) aufhängen

2) (place on wall) aufhängen [Bild, Gemälde, Zeichnung]

3) (paste up) ankleben [Tapete]

4) (Cookery) abhängen lassen [Fleisch, Wild]

5) p.t., p.p. hanged (execute) hängen, (ugs.) aufhängen ( for wegen)

hang oneself — sich erhängen od. (ugs.) aufhängen

I'll be or I am hanged if... — (fig.) der Henker soll mich holen, wenn...

hang the expense! — die Kosten interessieren mich nicht

6) (let droop)

hang one's head in shame — beschämt den Kopf senken
2. intransitive verb,
hung

1) (be supported from above) hängen; [Kleid usw.:] fallen

hang from the ceiling — an der Decke hängen

hang by a rope — an einem Strick hängen

hang in there! — (coll.) halte durch!

time hangs heavily or heavy on somebody — die Zeit wird jemandem lang

2) (be executed) hängen

3) (droop)

the dog's ears and tail hung [down] — der Hund ließ die Ohren und den Schwanz hängen

his head hung — er hielt den Kopf gesenkt
3. noun, no pl.
get the hang of — (fig. coll.): (get the knack of, understand) klarkommen mit (ugs.) [Gerät, Arbeit]

you'll soon get the hang of it/doing it — du wirst den Bogen bald raushaben (ugs.) /wirst bald raushaben, wie man es macht

Phrasal Verbs:

- hang about

- hang back

- hang on

- hang out

- hang together

- hang up

* * *

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: hung) (•§ p.,p.p.: hanged•)

= aufhängen v.

hängen v.

(§ p.,pp.: hing, gehangen)

schweben v.

English-german dictionary > hang
11 roar

I [rɔː(r)]
nome

1) (of lion) ruggito m.; (of person) urlo m.

to give a roar — [ lion] ruggire; [ person] lanciare o cacciare un urlo

2) (of engine) rombo m.; (of traffic) frastuono m., baccano m.; (of waterfall) fragore m., scroscio m.

3) (of sea) mugghio m., (il) mugghiare

4) (of crowd) clamore m., frastuono m.

a roar of laughter — risate fragorose, uno scroscio di risate
II 1. [rɔː(r)]
verbo transitivo (anche roar out) urlare, gridare [ command]
2.
verbo intransitivo

1) [ lion] ruggire; [ person] ruggire, sbraitare, strepitare

to roar with pain — urlare di dolore

2) (make noise) [sea, wind] mugghiare; [ fire] crepitare; [ crowd] fare clamore, frastuono; [ engine] rombare

* * *
[ro:] 1. verb
1) (to give a loud deep cry; to say loudly; to shout: The lions roared; The sergeant roared (out) his commands.) ruggire

2) (to laugh loudly: The audience roared (with laughter) at the man's jokes.) (ridere a crepapelle)

3) (to make a loud deep sound: The cannons/thunder roared.) tuonare

4) (to make a loud deep sound while moving: He roared past on his motorbike.) rombare
2. noun
1) (a loud deep cry: a roar of pain/laughter; the lion's roars.) ruggito

2) (a loud, deep sound: the roar of traffic.) rombo

•

- do a roaring trade

* * *
[rɔː(r)]
1. n

(of lion) ruggito, (of bull) mugghio, (of crowd) urlo, tumulto, (of waves) fragore m, (of wind, storm) muggito, (of thunder) rimbombo

the roar of the crowd — il tumulto della folla

the roar of a lion — il ruggito di un leone

with great roars of laughter — con fragorose risate

2. vi

(lion) ruggire, (bull) mugghiare, (crowd, audience) urlare, fare tumulto, (wind, storm) muggire, (thunder) rimbombare, (guns) tuonare

to roar with laughter — ridere fragorosamente

the lorry roared past — il camion passò rombando

the crowd roared — la folla era in tumulto

lions roar — il leone ruggisce

* * *
roar /rɔ:(r)/
n.

1 ruggito ( anche fig.); ( del tuono, di un motore, ecc.) rombo: the roars of a lion, i ruggiti di un leone; the roar of the wind, il ruggito del vento; the roar of thunder [of an engine], il rombo del tuono [di un motore]

2 scroscio ( di risa): roars of laughter, scrosci di risa

3 urlo; clamore ( della folla): the roar of the fans, il clamore dei tifosi; a roar of pain, un urlo di dolore.
(to) roar /rɔ:(r)/
A v. i.

1 ruggire ( anche fig.); ( del tuono, di un motore, ecc.) rombare: You could hear lions roaring in the distance, si sentivano ruggire dei leoni in lontananza; The sea was roaring, il mare ruggiva; The waves roared onto the shore, le onde si infrangevano mugghiando sulla riva; The guns were roaring, rombavano i cannoni; A car roared past, una macchina è passata rombando

2 urlare; strepitare; vociare: to roar with pain, urlare dal dolore

3 ridere fragorosamente: He made the audience roar with his jokes, ha suscitato nel pubblico delle risate fragorose con le sue battute; to roar with laughter, ridere fragorosamente

4 (spec. di cavallo bolso) respirare rumorosamente

5 (fam.) piangere a voce alta; strillare

B v. t.

( spesso to roar out) urlare; manifestare a gran voce: He roared out a threat, ha urlato una minaccia; to roar defiance, gridare parole di sfida; ( della folla, ecc.) to roar approval, manifestare a gran voce la propria approvazione

● to roar at sb., gridare a q.; chiamare q. gridando □ to roar sb. deaf, assordare q. con urla □ to roar sb. down, subissare q. ( che tenta di parlare) di urla □ to roar oneself hoarse, diventare rauco a furia di urlare □ to roar out, lanciare un urlo; gridare ( un ordine, ecc.).

* * *
I [rɔː(r)]
nome

1) (of lion) ruggito m.; (of person) urlo m.

to give a roar — [ lion] ruggire; [ person] lanciare o cacciare un urlo

2) (of engine) rombo m.; (of traffic) frastuono m., baccano m.; (of waterfall) fragore m., scroscio m.

3) (of sea) mugghio m., (il) mugghiare

4) (of crowd) clamore m., frastuono m.

a roar of laughter — risate fragorose, uno scroscio di risate
II 1. [rɔː(r)]
verbo transitivo (anche roar out) urlare, gridare [ command]
2.
verbo intransitivo

1) [ lion] ruggire; [ person] ruggire, sbraitare, strepitare

to roar with pain — urlare di dolore

2) (make noise) [sea, wind] mugghiare; [ fire] crepitare; [ crowd] fare clamore, frastuono; [ engine] rombare

English-Italian dictionary > roar
12 galvanize

verb

1) (to cover (iron or steel) with a thin layer of zinc to prevent it rusting.) galvanizar

2) ((with into) to cause or move (a person) to do something: The threat of losing their jobs galvanized the men into action.) sacudir, empujar, estimular

galvanize

tr['gælvənaɪz]

transitive verb

1 galvanizar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to galvanize somebody into action galvanizar a alguien

galvanize ['gælvən.aɪz] vt, - nized ; - nizing

1) stimulate: estimular, excitar, impulsar

2) : galvanizar (metales)

galvanize (US/UK)

v.

• galvanizar v.

'gælvənaɪz
transitive verb

1) ( rouse)

to galvanize somebody (INTO something/-ING) — impulsar a alguien (a algo /+ inf)

2)

a) ( Metall) galvanizar*

b) galvanized past p <iron/steel> galvanizado

['ɡælvǝnaɪz]
VT
1) [+ metal] galvanizar

2) (fig)

to galvanize sb into action — mover a algn para que actúe

to galvanize sb into life — sacar a algn de su abstracción

* * *
['gælvənaɪz]
transitive verb

1) ( rouse)

to galvanize somebody (INTO something/-ING) — impulsar a alguien (a algo /+ inf)

2)

a) ( Metall) galvanizar*

b) galvanized past p <iron/steel> galvanizado

English-spanish dictionary > galvanize
13 read

red
past tense, past participle; = read

lese

I
subst. \/riːd\/

1) lesestund

• tonight I am going to have a quiet read

2) lesestoff, lesning

• his novels are always good read
II
verb ( read - read) \/riːd\/

1) lese, lese i, lese opp, resitere

• read a book

lese (i) en bok

• read a letter

lese et brev

2) ( mentalt) tolke, lese (i), tyde

• if you read between the lines

hvis du leser mellom linjene

• don't read too much into it

ikke legg for mye i det

• read a face

• read a dream

tyde en drøm

• read a riddle

løse en gåte

• read somebody's thoughts

lese noens tanker

3) (for)tolke, oppfatte, forstå, lese

• it may be read in several ways

det kan tolkes på flere måter

4) lese, studere

• read law

studere jus

5) ( radio- eller telekommunikasjon) forstå, oppfatte, høre

• do you read me?

6) lese, avlese

• read the gas-meter

lese av gassmåleren

7) kunne leses, kunne tydes, stå (å lese)

• for 'marry' this copy reads 'merry'

i stedet for 'marry' står det 'merry' i denne utgaven

8) lyde, låte, høres

• it reads better now

det høres bedre nå

• it reads like a threat

det lyder som en trussel

• the play reads better than it acts

stykket passer bedre for lesning enn for spill

9) vise

• the thermometer reads 10 degrees

read a bill behandle et lovforslag

read aloud to somebody lese høyt for noen

read a paper lese en avis holde (et) foredrag

read a person's hand spå noen i hånden

read for something lese til noe

• read for the law

lese til jurist

• read for one's degree

lese til sin eksamen

read off (om instrument, resultat e.l.) lese av

read over\/through lese gjennom

read out lese opp, lese høyt

• read out names

lese\/rope opp navn

read up (on) a subject sette seg inn i et emne

read up one's lesson lese på leksene sine

see to read se å lese

• I can't see to read

jeg ser ikke å lese
III
adj. \/red\/

belest

• be deeply read in history

være grundig belest i historie

• be well read

være (svært) belest

take something as read ( overført) godta noe (som det er)

take the minutes as read godkjenne protokollen uten opplesning

English-Norwegian dictionary > read
14 read

I [riːd]
nome

to have a read of — colloq. leggiucchiare [article, magazine]

to be an easy read — essere un libro o una lettura facile
II 1. [riːd]
verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. read [red])

1) leggere [book, map, music, sign]

to read sth. to oneself — leggere qcs. in silenzio

I can read German — so leggere il tedesco

2) (say)

the card reads "Happy Birthday" — sul biglietto c'è scritto "buon compleanno"

to read 29 degrees — [ thermometer] segnare 29 gradi

3) (decipher) leggere [ braille]; decifrare [ handwriting]

4) (interpret) riconoscere [ signs]; interpretare [intentions, reactions]; spiegare [ situation]

to read sb.'s thoughts o mind leggere nei pensieri di qcn.; to read sb.'s mood capire di che umore è qcn.; to read palms leggere la mano; to read sth. into — leggere qcs. dietro a [comment, reply]

5) BE univ. studiare [ history]

6) (take a recording) leggere [meter, gauge, dial]

7) rad. tel. sentire, ricevere [ person]

I can read you loud and clear — ti ricevo forte e chiaro

8) inform. [ computer] leggere [data, file]
2.
verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. read [red])

1) leggere (to sb. a qcn.)

I read about it in the "Times" — ho letto qualcosa al proposito sul "Times"

2) BE (study)

to read for a degree in chemistry — studiare chimica all'università

3) (create an impression)

the document reads well — il documento si legge bene

the translation reads like the original — la traduzione scorre come l'originale

•

- read back

- read in

- read on

- read out

- read over

- read up

••

to read between the lines — leggere tra le righe
III 1. [red]
passato, participio passato read II
2.
aggettivo

to take sth. as read — dare qcs. per scontato

* * *
[red]
past tense, past participle; = read

* * *
read /ri:d/
n.

1 lettura: to have a quiet read, leggere in santa pace; a quick read, una lettura rapida

2 libro ( considerato per la sua leggibilità): a good read, un bel libro

3 (fam. USA) interpretazione: What's your read on it?, che interpretazione ne dai?

● (comput.) read access, accesso in lettura □ (comput.) read-only ► read-only □ (comput.) read permission, permesso (o autorizzazione) di lettura □ (comput., Internet) read receipt, conferma di lettura.
♦ (to) read /ri:d/
(pass. e p. p. read /rɛd/), v. t. e i.

1 leggere: Read it aloud, please, leggilo a voce alta, per favore!; to read a book [music], leggere un libro [la musica]; to read music at sight, leggere la musica a prima vista; to read French, leggere il francese

2 interpretare: to read sb. 's silence as agreement, interpretare il silenzio di q. come consenso; I learned how to read their moods, ho imparato ad interpretare il loro umore; How do you read the situation?, come interpreti la situazione?; We read his words as an admission of failure, abbiamo interpretato le sue parole come un'ammissione di fallimento

3 ( di scritta, cartello, ecc.) dire: The notice reads: keep out, il cartello dice: accesso vietato

4 ( di strumento) registrare; segnare: The speedometer reads sixty miles per hour, il tachimetro segna sessanta miglia all'ora

5 sembrare, suonare: His answer reads like a threat, la sua risposta suona come una minaccia; This book reads like a translation, questo libro dà l'impressione di essere una traduzione

6 ( di libro, autore) – to read well [beautifully], essere piacevole [bello] a leggersi; to read badly, essere di lettura faticosa

7 (antiq.) studiare ( all'università, ecc.): to read law [chemistry], studiar legge [chimica]; to read for the bar, studiare per diventare avvocato patrocinante

8 (fam. USA) capire; afferrare l'idea: Do you read me?, mi hai capito?

● (fig.) to read between the lines, leggere fra le righe □ to read sb. like a book, leggere in q. come in un libro aperto □ to read sb. 's hand, leggere la mano a q. □ to read hieroglyphs, decifrare geroglifici □ (fam.) read my lips!, ficcatelo bene in testa! □ to read men's hearts, leggere nel cuore degli uomini □ to read the sky, scrutare il cielo □ (fig.) to take st. as read, dare qc. per scontato □ to read to oneself, leggere in silenzio □ to read oneself to sleep, leggere fino ad addormentarsi □ to read too much into sb. 's words, attribuire un significato eccessivo (o dare un peso eccessivo) alle parole di q. □ a well-read man, un uomo con una buona cultura generale □ well-read in history, che ha buone conoscenze di storia □ to read widely, leggere molto □ the most widely read poet, il poeta più letto.

* * *
I [riːd]
nome

to have a read of — colloq. leggiucchiare [article, magazine]

to be an easy read — essere un libro o una lettura facile
II 1. [riːd]
verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. read [red])

1) leggere [book, map, music, sign]

to read sth. to oneself — leggere qcs. in silenzio

I can read German — so leggere il tedesco

2) (say)

the card reads "Happy Birthday" — sul biglietto c'è scritto "buon compleanno"

to read 29 degrees — [ thermometer] segnare 29 gradi

3) (decipher) leggere [ braille]; decifrare [ handwriting]

4) (interpret) riconoscere [ signs]; interpretare [intentions, reactions]; spiegare [ situation]

to read sb.'s thoughts o mind leggere nei pensieri di qcn.; to read sb.'s mood capire di che umore è qcn.; to read palms leggere la mano; to read sth. into — leggere qcs. dietro a [comment, reply]

5) BE univ. studiare [ history]

6) (take a recording) leggere [meter, gauge, dial]

7) rad. tel. sentire, ricevere [ person]

I can read you loud and clear — ti ricevo forte e chiaro

8) inform. [ computer] leggere [data, file]
2.
verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. read [red])

1) leggere (to sb. a qcn.)

I read about it in the "Times" — ho letto qualcosa al proposito sul "Times"

2) BE (study)

to read for a degree in chemistry — studiare chimica all'università

3) (create an impression)

the document reads well — il documento si legge bene

the translation reads like the original — la traduzione scorre come l'originale

•

- read back

- read in

- read on

- read out

- read over

- read up

••

to read between the lines — leggere tra le righe
III 1. [red]
passato, participio passato read II
2.
aggettivo

to take sth. as read — dare qcs. per scontato

English-Italian dictionary > read
15 meet

1. transitive verb,
met

1) (come face to face with or into the company of) treffen

I have to meet my boss at 11 a.m. — ich habe um 11 Uhr einen Termin beim Chef

arrange to meet somebody — sich mit jemandem verabreden

2) (go to place of arrival of) treffen; (collect) abholen

I'll meet your train — ich hole dich vom Zug ab

meet somebody halfway — (fig.) jemandem [auf halbem Wege] entgegenkommen

3) (make the acquaintance of) kennen lernen

I'd like you to meet my wife — ich möchte Sie gern meiner Frau vorstellen od. mit meiner Frau bekannt machen

pleased to meet you — [sehr] angenehm; sehr erfreut

4) (reach point of contact with) treffen auf (+ Akk.)

meet the eye/somebody's eye[s] — sich den/jemandes Blicken darbieten

meet the ear/somebody's ears — das/jemandes Ohr treffen

there's more to it than meets the eye — da ist od. steckt mehr dahinter, als man zuerst denkt

5) (experience) stoßen auf (+ Akk.) [Widerstand, Problem]; ernten [Gelächter, Drohungen]

meet [one's] death or one's end/disaster/one's fate — den Tod finden (geh.) /von einer Katastrophe/seinem Schicksal ereilt werden (geh.)

6) (satisfy) entsprechen (+ Dat.) [Forderung, Wunsch]; einhalten [Termin, Zeitplan]

7) (pay) decken [Kosten, Auslagen]; bezahlen [Rechnung]
2. intransitive verb,
met

1) (come face to face) (by chance) sich (Dat.) begegnen; (by arrangement) sich treffen

we've met before — wir kennen uns bereits

2) (assemble) [Komitee, Ausschuss usw.:] tagen

meet together — sich versammeln

3) (come together) [Bahnlinien, Straßen usw.:] aufeinander treffen; [Flüsse] zusammenfließen

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/89078/meet_up">meet up

- meet with

* * *
[mi:t] 1. past tense, past participle - met; verb
1) (to come face to face with (eg a person whom one knows), by chance: She met a man on the train.) treffen

2) ((sometimes, especially American, with with) to come together with (a person etc), by arrangement: The committee meets every Monday.) zusammenkommen

3) (to be introduced to (someone) for the first time: Come and meet my wife.) kennenlernen

4) (to join: Where do the two roads meet?) sich schneiden

5) (to be equal to or satisfy (eg a person's needs, requirements etc): Will there be sufficient stocks to meet the public demand?) gerecht werden

6) (to come into the view, experience or presence of: A terrible sight met him / his eyes when he opened the door.) (ins Auge) fallen, treffen auf

7) (to come to or be faced with: He met his death in a car accident.) finden, gegenübertreten

8) ((with with) to experience or suffer; to receive a particular response: She met with an accident; The scheme met with their approval.) erleiden, stoßen auf

9) (to answer or oppose: We will meet force with greater force.) erwidern
2. noun
(a gathering, especially of sportsmen: The local huntsmen are holding a meet this week.) die Jagdgesellschaft

- meeting
- meet someone halfway
- meet halfway
* * *

meet

[mi:t]

I. n

1. (sporting event) Sportveranstaltung f

2. BRIT (fox hunt) Jagdtreffen nt (zur Fuchsjagd)

3. COMPUT Und-/Oder-Funktion f

II. vt

<met, met>

1. (by chance)

▪ to \meet sb jdn treffen

I met her in the street ich bin ihr auf der Straße begegnet

I happened to \meet him ich habe ihn zufällig getroffen

our car met another car on the narrow road auf der engen Straße kam unserem Auto ein anderes entgegen

to \meet sb face to face jdm persönlich begegnen

2. (by arrangement)

▪ to \meet sb sich akk mit jdm treffen

\meet me in front of the library at five warte um fünf vor der Bibliothek auf mich

I arranged to \meet her on Thursday ich verabredete mich mit ihr für Donnerstag

3. (collect)

▪ to \meet sb jdn abholen

I went to the airport to \meet my brother ich fuhr zum Flughafen, um meinen Bruder abzuholen

a bus \meets every train zu jedem Zug gibt es einen Anschlussbus

4. (make acquaintance of)

▪ to \meet sb jdn kennenlernen

I'd like you to \meet my best friend Betty ich möchte dir meine beste Freundin Betty vorstellen

Frank, \meet Dorothy Frank, darf ich dir Dorothy vorstellen?

[it's] a pleasure to \meet you sehr erfreut, Sie kennenzulernen

I've never met anyone quite like her ich habe noch nie so jemanden wie sie getroffen

5. (come into contact)

▪ to \meet sth auf etw akk treffen

his eyes met hers ihre Blicke trafen sich

I met his gaze ich hielt seinem Blick stand

it's where Front Street \meets Queen Street es ist da, wo die Front Street auf die Queen Street stößt

where the mountains \meet the sea wo das Meer an die Berge heranreicht

to \meet sb's glance jds Blick erwidern

6. (fulfil)

▪ to \meet sth etw erfüllen

to \meet the cost of sth die Kosten für etw akk übernehmen

to \meet a deadline einen Termin einhalten

to \meet [the] demand die Nachfrage befriedigen

to \meet sb's expenses für jds Kosten aufkommen

to \meet an obligation einer Verpflichtung nachkommen

7. (deal with)

▪ to \meet sth etw dat entgegentreten

they had to \meet the threat posed by the Austrians sie mussten auf die Bedrohung durch die Österreicher reagieren

to \meet a challenge sich akk einer Herausforderung stellen

to \meet objections Einwände widerlegen

8. (experience)

▪ to \meet sth mit etw dat konfrontiert sein

these are the kind of difficulties you \meet on the road to success dies sind die Schwierigkeiten, die dir auf dem Weg zum Erfolg begegnen

the troops met stiff opposition die Truppen stießen auf starke Gegenwehr

9. (fight)

▪ to \meet sb SPORT auf jdn treffen, gegen jdn antreten; MIL gegen jdn kämpfen

to \meet an enemy in battle einem Feind in der Schlacht begegnen

10.

▶ to \meet danger head on sich dat der Gefahr stellen

▶ to \meet one's death den Tod finden

▶ to go to \meet one's maker das Zeitliche segnen

▶ to \meet sb halfway jdm auf halbem Weg entgegenkommen

▶ to make ends \meet über die Runden kommen

▶ to \meet one's match seinen Meister finden

▶ there's more to this than \meets the eye es steckt mehr dahinter, als es den Anschein hat

▶ to \meet one's Waterloo BRIT sein Waterloo erleben

III. vi

<met, met>

1. (by chance) sich dat begegnen

we met in the street wir sind uns auf der Straße begegnet

2. (by arrangement) sich akk treffen

to \meet for a drink/for lunch sich akk auf einen Drink/zum Mittagessen treffen

3. (get acquainted) sich akk kennenlernen

no, we haven't met nein, wir kennen uns noch nicht

I've mistrusted him from the day we met ich habe ihm vom ersten Tag [unserer Bekanntschaft] an misstraut

4. (congregate) zusammenkommen

Congress will \meet next week der Kongress wird nächsten Monat tagen

the children's club \meets every Thursday afternoon der Kinderklub trifft sich jeden Donnerstagnachmittag

the committee is \meeting to discuss the issue tomorrow der Ausschuss tritt morgen zusammen, um über die Frage zu beraten

5. SPORT aufeinandertreffen, gegeneinander antreten

6. (join) zusammentreffen; roads, lines zusammenlaufen; counties, states aneinandergrenzen

the curtains don't \meet die Vorhänge gehen nicht zusammen

their hands met under the table ihre Hände begegneten sich unter dem Tisch

our eyes met unsere Blicke trafen sich

their lips met in a passionate kiss ihre Lippen trafen sich zu einem leidenschaftlichen Kuss

* * *
I [miːt]
adj (obs)
geziemend (liter)
it is meet that... — es ist billig or (ge)ziemt sich (liter, old), dass...

to be meet for — sich (ge)ziemen für (liter, old)
II [miːt] vb: pret, ptp met
1. vt

1) (= encounter) person treffen, begegnen (+dat); (by arrangement) treffen, sich treffen mit; difficulty stoßen auf (+acc); (SPORT) treffen auf (+acc)

I'll meet you outside — ich treffe euch draußen

he met his guests at the door —

he met him in a duel — er duellierte sich mit ihm

he met his death in 1800 —

to meet death calmly — dem Tod gefasst entgegentreten

to arrange to meet sb — sich mit jdm verabreden

to meet a challenge — sich einer Herausforderung (dat) stellen

the last time the two teams met there was a riot — bei der letzten Begegnung zwischen beiden Teams kam es zu heftigen Auseinandersetzungen

his eyes or gaze met mine — unsere Blicke trafen sich

she refused to meet his eyes or gaze — sie wich seinem Blick aus

I could not meet his eyes — ich konnte ihm nicht in die Augen sehen

there's more to it than meets the eye — da steckt mehr dahinter, als man auf den ersten Blick meint

2) (= get to know) kennenlernen; (= be introduced to) bekannt gemacht werden mit

you don't know him? come and meet him — du kennst ihn nicht? komm, ich mache dich mit ihm bekannt

pleased to meet you! — guten Tag/Abend, sehr angenehm! (form)

3) (= await arrival, collect) abholen (at an +dat, von); (= connect with) train, boat etc Anschluss haben an (+acc)

I'll meet your train —

the car will meet the train — der Wagen wartet am Bahnhof or steht am Bahnhof bereit

4) (= join, run into) treffen or stoßen auf (+acc); (= converge with) sich vereinigen mit; (river) münden or fließen in (+acc); (= intersect) schneiden; (= touch) berühren

where East meets West (fig) — wo Ost und West sich treffen

5) expectations, target, obligations, deadline erfüllen; requirement, demand, wish entsprechen (+dat), gerecht werden (+dat); deficit, expenses, needs decken; debt bezahlen, begleichen; charge, objection, criticism begegnen (+dat)

2. vi

1) (= encounter) (people) sich begegnen; (by arrangement) sich treffen; (society, committee etc) zusammenkommen, tagen; (SPORT) aufeinandertreffen; (in duel) sich duellieren

keep it until we meet again — behalten Sie es, bis wir uns mal wiedersehen

until we meet again! — bis zum nächsten Mal!

to meet halfway — einen Kompromiss schließen

2) (= become acquainted) sich kennenlernen; (= be introduced) bekannt gemacht werden

we've met before — wir kennen uns bereits

haven't we met before somewhere? — sind wir uns nicht schon mal begegnet?, kennen wir uns nicht irgendwoher?

3) (= join) sich treffen, aufeinanderstoßen; (= converge) sich vereinigen; (rivers) ineinanderfließen; (= intersect) sich schneiden; (= touch) sich berühren; (fig = come together) sich treffen

our eyes met — unsere Blicke trafen sich

the skirt wouldn't meet round her waist — der Rock ging an der Taille nicht zu

3. n (Brit HUNT)
Jagd(veranstaltung) f; (US) (ATHLETICS) Sportfest nt; (SWIMMING) Schwimmfest nt
* * *

meet [miːt]

A v/t prät und pperf met [met]

1. a) begegnen (dat), zusammentreffen mit, treffen (auf akk), antreffen:

meet each other einander begegnen, sich treffen;

well met obs schön, dass wir uns treffen!

b) treffen, sich treffen mit

2. jemanden kennenlernen:

when I first met him als ich seine Bekanntschaft machte, als ich ihn kennenlernte;

pleased to meet you umg sehr erfreut(, Sie kennenzulernen)!;

meet Mr. Brown bes US darf ich Ihnen Herrn Brown vorstellen?

3. jemanden abholen:

meet sb at the station, meet sb off the train, meet sb’s train jemanden von der Bahn oder vom Bahnhof abholen;

be met abgeholt oder empfangen werden;

come (go) to meet sb jemandem entgegenkommen (-gehen)

4. → halfway B 1

5. gegenübertreten (dat) (auch fig)

6. (feindlich) zusammentreffen oder -stoßen mit, begegnen (dat), SPORT auch antreten gegen, auf einen Gegner treffen: → fate 2

7. fig entgegentreten (dat):

a) einer Sache abhelfen

b) Schwierigkeiten überwinden, ein Problem lösen, fertig werden mit, Herr werden (gen):

meet the competition der Konkurrenz begegnen

c) Einwände widerlegen, entgegnen auf (akk)

8. fig (an)treffen, finden, erfahren

9. POL sich dem Parlament vorstellen (neue Regierung)

10. a) berühren

b) münden in (akk) (Straße etc)

c) stoßen oder treffen auf (akk):

meet sb’s eye jemandem ins Auge fallen oder auffallen;

she met his eyes ihre Blicke trafen sich;

meet sb’s eyes jemandem in die Augen sehen;

meet the eye auffallen;

there is more to it than meets the eye da steckt mehr dahinter

11. versammeln (besonders passiv):

be met sich zusammengefunden haben, beisammen sein

12. den Anforderungen etc entsprechen, gerecht werden (dat), übereinstimmen mit, Bedarf, Nachfrage etc decken:

the supply meets the demand das Angebot entspricht der Nachfrage;

be well met gut zusammenpassen;

that won’t meet my case das löst mein Problem nicht, damit komme ich nicht weiter

13. jemandes Wünschen entgegenkommen oder entsprechen, eine Forderung erfüllen, einen Termin einhalten, einer Verpflichtung nachkommen, Unkosten bestreiten oder decken, eine Rechnung begleichen:

meet a demand

a) einer Forderung nachkommen,

b) eine Nachfrage befriedigen;

meet sb’s expenses jemandes Auslagen decken;

meet a bill WIRTSCH einen Wechsel honorieren

B v/i

1. zusammenkommen, -treffen, -treten, sich versammeln, tagen

2. sich begegnen, sich (auch verabredungsgemäß) treffen:

their eyes met ihre Blicke trafen sich;

we have met (before) wir kennen uns schon;

have we met before? kennen wir uns?;

meet again sich wiedersehen

3. (feindlich) zusammenstoßen, aneinandergeraten, SPORT aufeinandertreffen, sich begegnen (Gegner)

4. sich kennenlernen

5. a) sich vereinigen (Straßen etc)

b) sich berühren, in Berührung kommen (auch Interessen etc)

6. genau zusammentreffen oder -stimmen oder -passen, sich decken:

this skirt does not meet dieser Rock ist zu eng oder geht nicht zu; → end Bes Redew

7. meet with

a) zusammentreffen mit,

b) sich treffen mit,

c) (an)treffen, finden, (zufällig) stoßen auf (akk),

d) erleben, erleiden, erfahren, betroffen oder befallen werden von, erhalten, bekommen:

meet with an accident einen Unfall erleiden oder haben, verunglücken;

meet with (sb’s) approval (jemandes) Billigung oder Beifall finden;

meet with a refusal auf Ablehnung stoßen;

meet with success Erfolg haben;

meet with a kind reception freundlich aufgenommen werden

C s

1. besonders US

a) Treffen n (von Zügen etc)

b) → meeting 6 b

2. JAGD besonders Br

a) Jagdtreffen n (zur Fuchsjagd)

b) Jagdgesellschaft f

c) Sammelplatz m

D adj obs

1. passend

2. angemessen, geziemend:

it is meet that … es schickt sich, dass …

* * *
1. transitive verb,
met

1) (come face to face with or into the company of) treffen

I have to meet my boss at 11 a.m. — ich habe um 11 Uhr einen Termin beim Chef

arrange to meet somebody — sich mit jemandem verabreden

2) (go to place of arrival of) treffen; (collect) abholen

I'll meet your train — ich hole dich vom Zug ab

meet somebody halfway — (fig.) jemandem [auf halbem Wege] entgegenkommen

3) (make the acquaintance of) kennen lernen

I'd like you to meet my wife — ich möchte Sie gern meiner Frau vorstellen od. mit meiner Frau bekannt machen

pleased to meet you — [sehr] angenehm; sehr erfreut

4) (reach point of contact with) treffen auf (+ Akk.)

meet the eye/somebody's eye[s] — sich den/jemandes Blicken darbieten

meet the ear/somebody's ears — das/jemandes Ohr treffen

there's more to it than meets the eye — da ist od. steckt mehr dahinter, als man zuerst denkt

5) (experience) stoßen auf (+ Akk.) [Widerstand, Problem]; ernten [Gelächter, Drohungen]

meet [one's] death or one's end/disaster/one's fate — den Tod finden (geh.) /von einer Katastrophe/seinem Schicksal ereilt werden (geh.)

6) (satisfy) entsprechen (+ Dat.) [Forderung, Wunsch]; einhalten [Termin, Zeitplan]

7) (pay) decken [Kosten, Auslagen]; bezahlen [Rechnung]
2. intransitive verb,
met

1) (come face to face) (by chance) sich (Dat.) begegnen; (by arrangement) sich treffen

we've met before — wir kennen uns bereits

2) (assemble) [Komitee, Ausschuss usw.:] tagen

meet together — sich versammeln

3) (come together) [Bahnlinien, Straßen usw.:] aufeinander treffen; [Flüsse] zusammenfließen

Phrasal Verbs:

- meet up

- meet with

* * *

adj.

begegnen adj.

entsprechen adj. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: met)

= begegnen (+Dat.) v.

begegnen v.

sich treffen v.

sich versammeln v.

treffen v.

(§ p.,pp.: traf, getroffen)

English-german dictionary > meet
16 stop

1. transitive verb,
- pp-

1) (not let move further) anhalten [Person, Fahrzeug]; aufhalten [Fortschritt, Verkehr, Feind]; verstummen lassen (geh.) [Gerücht, Geschichte, Lüge]; [Tormann:] halten [Ball]

she stopped her car — sie hielt an

stop thief! — haltet den Dieb!

there's no stopping somebody — jemand lässt sich nicht aufhalten

2) (not let continue) unterbrechen [Redner, Spiel, Gespräch, Vorstellung]; beenden [Krieg, Gespräch, Treffen, Spiel, Versuch, Arbeit]; stillen [Blutung]; stoppen [Produktion, Uhr, Streik, Inflation]; einstellen [Handel, Zahlung, Lieferung, Besuche, Subskriptionen, Bemühungen]; abstellen [Strom, Gas, Wasser, Missstände]; beseitigen [Schmerz]

stop that/that nonsense/that noise! — hör damit/mit diesem Unsinn/diesem Lärm auf!

bad light stopped play — (Sport) das Spiel wurde wegen schlechter Lichtverhältnisse abgebrochen

stop the show — (fig.) Furore machen

just you try and stop me! — versuch doch, mich daran zu hindern!

stop smoking/crying — aufhören zu rauchen/weinen

never stop doing something — etwas unaufhörlich tun

stop it! — hör auf [damit]!; (in more peremptory tone) Schluss damit!

stop oneself — sich zurückhalten

I couldn't stop myself — ich konnte nicht anders

3) (not let happen) verhindern [Verbrechen, Unfall]

he tried to stop us parking — er versuchte uns am Parken zu hindern

he phoned his mother to stop her [from] worrying — er rief seine Mutter an, damit sie sich keine Sorgen machte

stop something [from] happening — verhindern, dass etwas geschieht

4) (cause to cease working) abstellen [Maschine usw.]; [Streikende:] stilllegen [Betrieb]

5) (block up) zustopfen [Loch, Öffnung, Riß, Ohren]; verschließen [Wasserhahn, Rohr, Schlauch, Flasche]

6) (withhold) streichen

stop [payment of] a cheque — einen Scheck sperren lassen
2. intransitive verb,
- pp-

1) (not extend further) aufhören; [Straße, Treppe:] enden; [Ton:] verstummen; [Ärger:] verfliegen; [Schmerz:] abklingen; [Zahlungen, Lieferungen:] eingestellt werden

2) (not move or operate further) [Fahrzeug, Fahrer:] halten; [Maschine, Motor:] stillstehen; [Uhr, Fußgänger, Herz:] stehen bleiben

he stopped in the middle of the sentence — er unterbrach sich mitten im Satz

he never stops to think [before he acts] — er denkt nie nach [bevor er handelt]

stop! — halt!

stop at nothing — vor nichts zurückschrecken

stop dead — plötzlich stehen bleiben; [Redner:] abbrechen

3) (coll.): (stay) bleiben

stop at a hotel/at a friend's house/with somebody — in einem Hotel/im Hause eines Freundes/bei jemandem wohnen
3. noun
1) (halt) Halt, der

there will be two stops for coffee on the way — es wird unterwegs zweimal zum Kaffeetrinken angehalten

this train goes to London with only two stops — dieser Zug fährt mit nur zwei Zwischenhalten nach London

bring to a stop — zum Stehen bringen [Fahrzeug]; zum Erliegen bringen [Verkehr]; unterbrechen [Arbeit, Diskussion, Treffen]

come to a stop — stehen bleiben; [Fahrzeug:] zum Stehen kommen; [Gespräch:] abbrechen; [Arbeit, Verkehr:] zum Erliegen kommen; [Vorlesung:] abgebrochen werden

make a stop at or in a place — in einem Ort haltmachen

put a stop to — abstellen [Missstände, Unsinn]; unterbinden [Versuche]; aus der Welt schaffen [Gerücht]

put a stop on a cheque — einen Scheck sperren lassen

without a stop — ohne Halt [fahren, fliegen]; ohne anzuhalten [gehen, laufen]; ununterbrochen [arbeiten, reden]

2) (place) Haltestelle, die

the ship's first stop is Cairo — der erste Hafen, den das Schiff anläuft, ist Kairo

the plane's first stop is Frankfurt — die erste Zwischenlandung des Flugzeuges ist in Frankfurt

3) (Brit.): (punctuation mark) Satzzeichen, das; see also academic.ru/29834/full_stop">full stop 1)

4) (in telegram) stop

Phrasal Verbs:

- stop behind

- stop by

- stop off

- stop out

- stop over

- stop up

* * *
[stop] 1. past tense, past participle - stopped; verb
1) (to (make something) cease moving, or come to rest, a halt etc: He stopped the car and got out; This train does not stop at Birmingham; He stopped to look at the map; He signalled with his hand to stop the bus.) anhalten

2) (to prevent from doing something: We must stop him (from) going; I was going to say something rude but stopped myself just in time.) zurückhalten

3) (to discontinue or cease eg doing something: That woman just can't stop talking; The rain has stopped; It has stopped raining.) aufhören

4) (to block or close: He stopped his ears with his hands when she started to shout at him.) verstopfen

5) (to close (a hole, eg on a flute) or press down (a string on a violin etc) in order to play a particular note.) greifen

6) (to stay: Will you be stopping long at the hotel?) bleiben
2. noun
1) (an act of stopping or state of being stopped: We made only two stops on our journey; Work came to a stop for the day.) der Halt

2) (a place for eg a bus to stop: a bus stop.) die Haltestelle

3) (in punctuation, a full stop: Put a stop at the end of the sentence.) der Punkt

4) (a device on a flute etc for covering the holes in order to vary the pitch, or knobs for bringing certain pipes into use on an organ.) das Griffloch, die Klappe, das Register

5) (a device, eg a wedge etc, for stopping the movement of something, or for keeping it in a fixed position: a door-stop.) die Sperre

•

- stoppage
- stopper
- stopping
- stopcock
- stopgap
- stopwatch
- put a stop to
- stop at nothing
- stop dead
- stop off
- stop over
- stop up
* * *

stop

[stɒp, AM stɑ:p]

I. TRANSITIVE VERB

<- pp->

1. (stop from moving)

to \stop a ball einen Ball stoppen; goalkeeper einen Ball halten

to \stop a blow einen Schlag abblocken

to \stop sb/a car jdn/ein Auto anhalten

to \stop one's car anhalten

to \stop the enemy den Feind aufhalten

to \stop a thief/the traffic einen Dieb/den Verkehr aufhalten

\stop thief! haltet den Dieb!

\stop that man! haltet den Mann!

2. (make cease)

▪ to \stop sth etw stoppen [o beenden]; (temporarily) etw unterbrechen

this will \stop the pain das wird dir gegen die Schmerzen helfen

\stop that nonsense! hör auf mit dem Unsinn!

\stop it! hör auf [damit]!

what can I do to \stop this nosebleed? was kann ich gegen dieses Nasenbluten tun?

something must be done to \stop the fighting den Kämpfen muss ein Ende gesetzt werden

this fighting has to be \stopped! die Kämpfe müssen aufhören!

\stop being silly! hör auf mit dem Unsinn!

I just couldn't \stop myself ich konnte einfach nicht anders

to \stop the bleeding die Blutung stillen

to \stop the clock die Uhr anhalten

the clock is \stopped when a team scores a goal die Spielzeit wird unterbrochen, wenn ein Team ein Tor schießt

to \stop the engine den Motor abstellen

to \stop the fighting die Kämpfe einstellen

to \stop inflation/progress die Inflation/den Fortschritt aufhalten

to \stop a machine eine Maschine abstellen

to \stop a match ein Spiel beenden; referee ein Spiel abbrechen

to \stop the production of sth die Produktion einer S. gen einstellen

to \stop a rumour einem Gerücht ein Ende machen

to \stop a speech eine Rede unterbrechen

to \stop a subscription ein Abonnement kündigen

to \stop a war einen Krieg beenden

3. (cease an activity)

▪ to \stop sth etw beenden, mit etw dat aufhören

what time do you usually \stop work? wann hören Sie normalerweise auf zu arbeiten?

you just can't \stop it, can you du kannst es einfach nicht lassen, oder?

4. (prevent)

▪ to \stop sb [from] doing sth jdn davon abhalten, etw zu tun

if she really wants to leave, I don't understand what's \stopping her wenn sie wirklich weggehen will, verstehe ich nicht, was sie davon abhält

some people smoke because they think it \stops them putting on weight manche rauchen, weil sie meinen, dass sie dann nicht zunehmen

I couldn't \stop myself from having another piece of cake ich musste einfach noch ein Stück Kuchen essen

he handed in his resignation — I just couldn't \stop him er hat gekündigt — ich konnte ihn einfach nicht davon abhalten

you can't \stop me from doing that du kannst mich nicht davon abhalten

5. (refuse payment)

to \stop sb's allowance/pocket money jdm den Unterhalt/das Taschengeld streichen

to \stop [AM payment on] a cheque einen Scheck sperren

to \stop wages keine Löhne mehr zahlen

the money will be \stopped out of his salary das Geld wird von seinem Gehalt abgezogen

6. (block)

▪ to \stop sth etw verstopfen; gap, hole, leak etw [zu]stopfen

to \stop one's ears sich dat die Ohren zuhalten

when he starts shouting I just \stop my ears wenn er anfängt zu schreien, mache ich einfach die Ohren zu! fam

to have a tooth \stopped BRIT ( dated) eine Füllung bekommen

7. BOXING

▪ to \stop sb jdn schlagen

he was \stopped by a knockout in the fourth round er schied durch K.o. in der vierten Runde aus

to \stop a left/right eine Linke/Rechte parieren

to \stop a punch einen Hieb einstecken [müssen]

8. MUS

\stopped pipe gedackte Pfeife fachspr

to \stop a string eine Saite greifen

9.

▶ to \stop a bullet eine Kugel abbekommen

▶ to \stop sb's mouth jdm den Mund stopfen fam

▶ to \stop the rot die Talfahrt stoppen fig

▶ to \stop the show der absolute Höhepunkt einer Show sein

II. INTRANSITIVE VERB

<- pp->

1. (cease moving) person stehen bleiben; car [an]halten

\stop! halt!

to \stop dead abrupt innehalten

▪ to \stop to do sth stehen bleiben, um etw zu tun; car anhalten, um etw zu tun

I \stopped to pick up the letter that I had dropped ich blieb stehen und hob den Brief auf, den ich hatte fallenlassen; ( fig)

\stop to [or and] think before you speak erst denken, dann reden!

2. (cease, discontinue) machine nicht mehr laufen; clock, heart, watch stehen bleiben; rain aufhören; pain abklingen, nachlassen; production, payments eingestellt werden; film, programme zu Ende sein; speaker abbrechen

I will not \stop until they set them free ich werde keine Ruhe geben, bis sie sie freigelassen haben

she doesn't know where to \stop sie weiß nicht, wann sie aufhören muss

his heart \stopped during the operation während der Operation hatte er einen Herzstillstand

rain has \stopped play das Spiel wurde wegen Regens unterbrochen

she \stopped right in the middle of the sentence sie hielt mitten im Satz inne

3. (cease an activity)

▪ to \stop [doing sth] aufhören[, etw zu tun], [mit etw dat] aufhören

once I start eating chocolate I can't \stop wenn ich einmal anfange, Schokolade zu essen, kann ich einfach nicht mehr aufhören

I just couldn't \stop laughing ich habe mich echt totgelacht sl

if you have to keep \stopping to answer the telephone, you'll never finish wenn du ständig unterbrechen musst, um ans Telefon zu gehen, wirst du nie fertig werden

I wish you'd \stop telling me what to do ich wünschte, du würdest endlich damit aufhören, mir zu sagen, was ich tun soll

\stop being silly! hör auf mit dem Unsinn!

\stop shouting! hör auf zu schreien

I \stopped seeing him last year wir haben uns letztes Jahr getrennt

I've \stopped drinking alcohol ich trinke keinen Alkohol mehr

she \stopped drinking sie trinkt nicht mehr

please, \stop crying hör doch bitte auf zu weinen!

to \stop smoking mit dem Rauchen aufhören; (on plane etc.) das Rauchen einstellen

to \stop working aufhören zu arbeiten

4. BRIT (stay) bleiben

I'm not \stopping ich bleibe nicht lange

I can't \stop — Malcolm's waiting for me outside ich kann nicht bleiben, Malcolm wartet draußen auf mich

we \stopped for a quick bite at a motorway services wir machten kurz bei einer Autobahnraststätte Station, um etwas zu essen

I \stopped at a pub for some lunch ich habe an einem Pub haltgemacht und was zu Mittag gegessen

can you \stop at the fish shop on your way home? kannst du auf dem Nachhauseweg kurz beim Fischladen vorbeigehen?

he usually \stops at a bar for a quick drink on the way home normalerweise schaut er auf dem Nachhauseweg noch kurz auf ein Gläschen in einer Kneipe vorbei

are you \stopping here bleibst du hier?

to \stop for dinner/tea zum Abendessen/Tee bleiben

to \stop at a hotel in einem Hotel übernachten

to \stop the night BRIT ( fam) über Nacht bleiben

5. TRANSP bus, train halten

does this train \stop at Finsbury Park? hält dieser Zug in Finsbury Park?

the train to Glasgow \stops at platform 14 der Zug nach Glasgow hält am Gleis 14

6. (almost)

to \stop short of doing sth sich akk [gerade noch] bremsen [o ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ a. zurückhalten], etw zu tun

I \stopped short of telling him my secrets beinahe hätte ich ihm meine Geheimnisse verraten

7.

▶ to \stop at nothing vor nichts zurückschrecken

III. NOUN

1. (cessation of movement, activity) Halt m

please wait until the airplane has come to a complete \stop bitte warten Sie, bis das Flugzeug seine endgültige Parkposition erreicht hat

emergency \stop Notbremsung f

to bring sth to a \stop etw stoppen; project etw dat ein Ende bereiten

to bring a car to a \stop ein Auto anhalten

to bring a conversation to a \stop ein Gespräch beenden

to bring the traffic to a \stop den Verkehr zum Erliegen bringen

to bring sth to a sudden \stop etw dat ein jähes Ende bereiten

to come to a \stop stehen bleiben; car also anhalten; rain aufhören; traffic, business zum Erliegen kommen; project, production eingestellt werden

the conversation came to a \stop das Gespräch verstummte

to come to a sudden [or dead] \stop car abrupt anhalten [o stehen bleiben]; project, undertaking ein jähes Ende finden

to make a \stop anhalten

to put a \stop to sth etw dat ein Ende setzen [o einen Riegel vorschieben

2. (break) Pause f; AVIAT Zwischenlandung f; (halt) Halt m

we made two \stops wir haben zweimal haltgemacht

... including a thirty minute \stop for lunch... inklusive einer halben Stunde Pause für das Mittagessen

there were a lot of \stops and starts throughout the project die Entwicklung des Projekts verlief sehr stockend

to be at [or on] \stop signal auf Halt stehen

to drive without a \stop durchfahren

to have a \stop haltmachen

to have a \stop for coffee ein Kaffeepause machen

to make a \stop at a service station an einer Raststätte haltmachen

without a \stop ohne Pause [o Unterbrechung

3. TRANSP Haltestelle f; (for ship) Anlegestelle f

the ship's first \stop is Sydney das Schiff läuft als Erstes Sydney an; (for plane) Zwischenlandung f

the plane's first \stop is Birmingham das Flugzeug wird zunächst in Birmingham zwischenlanden

I'm getting off at the next \stop bei der nächsten Haltestelle steige ich aus

is this your \stop? steigen Sie hier aus?

is this our \stop? müssen wir hier aussteigen?

bus/tram \stop Bus-/Straßenbahnhaltestelle f

request \stop Bedarfshaltestelle f (Haltestelle, bei der man den Bus herwinken muss, da er nicht automatisch hält)

4. TYPO (punctuation mark) Satzzeichen nt; TELEC (in telegram) stop

5. TYPO (prevent from moving) Feststelltaste f; (for furniture) Sperre f

6. MUS (knob on an organ) Register nt

\stop [knob] Registerzug m; (of wind instrument) Griffloch nt

7. (phonetics) Verschlusslaut m

8. PHOT Blende f

9. FIN Sperrung f

account on \stop gesperrtes Konto

to put a \stop on a cheque einen Scheck sperren lassen

10.

▶ to pull out all the \stops alle Register ziehen

* * *
[stɒp]
1. n

1) (= act of stopping) Halt m, Stoppen nt

the signal is at stop — das Signal steht auf Halt or Stop

to bring sth to a stop (lit) — etw anhalten or stoppen, etw zum Stehen bringen; traffic etw zum Erliegen bringen; (fig) project, meeting, development einer Sache (dat) ein Ende machen; conversation etw verstummen lassen

to come to a stop (car, machine) — anhalten, stoppen; (traffic) stocken; ( fig, meeting, rain ) aufhören; (research, project) eingestellt werden; (conversation) verstummen

to come to a dead/sudden stop (vehicle) — abrupt anhalten or stoppen; (traffic) völlig/plötzlich zum Erliegen kommen; (rain) ganz plötzlich aufhören; (research, project, meeting) ein Ende nt/ein abruptes Ende finden; (conversation) völlig/abrupt verstummen

when the aircraft has come to a complete stop — wenn die Maschine völlig zum Stillstand gekommen ist

to make a stop (bus, train, tram) — (an)halten; (plane, ship) (Zwischen)station machen

to put a stop to sth — einer Sache (dat) einen Riegel vorschieben

2) (= stay) Aufenthalt m; (= break) Pause f; (AVIAT, for refuelling etc) Zwischenlandung f

to have a stop for coffee to have a stop — eine Kaffeepause machen haltmachen

we had or made three stops — wir haben dreimal haltgemacht

to work for eight hours without a stop — acht Stunden ohne Unterbrechung arbeiten

3) (= stopping place) Station f; (for bus, tram, train) Haltestelle f; (for ship) Anlegestelle f; (for plane) Landeplatz m

4) (Brit: punctuation mark) Punkt m

5) (MUS of wind instruments) (Griff)loch nt; (on organ also stopknob) Registerzug m; (= organ pipe) Register nt

to pull out all the stops (fig) — alle Register ziehen

6) (= stopper for door, window) Sperre f; (on typewriter) Feststelltaste f

7) (PHOT: f number) Blende f

8) (PHON) Verschlusslaut m; (= glottal stop) Knacklaut m

2. vt

1) (= stop when moving) person, vehicle, clock anhalten; ball stoppen; engine, machine etc abstellen; blow abblocken, auffangen; (= stop from going away, from moving on) runaway, thief etc aufhalten; attack, enemy, progress aufhalten, hemmen; traffic (= hold up) aufhalten; (= bring to complete standstill) zum Stehen or Erliegen bringen; (policeman) anhalten; (= keep out) noise, light abfangen, auffangen

stop thief! — haltet den Dieb!

to stop a bullet (be shot) — eine Kugel verpasst kriegen (inf)

to stop sb dead or in his tracks — jdn urplötzlich anhalten lassen; (in conversation) jdn plötzlich verstummen lassen

2) (= stop from continuing) activity, rumour, threat, crime ein Ende machen or setzen (+dat); nonsense, noise unterbinden; match, conversation, work beenden; development aufhalten; (temporarily) unterbrechen; flow of blood stillen, unterbinden; progress, inflation aufhalten, hemmen; speaker, speech unterbrechen; production zum Stillstand bringen; (temporarily) unterbrechen

he was talking and talking, we just couldn't stop him — er redete und redete, und wir konnten ihn nicht dazu bringen, endlich aufzuhören

the referee stopped play — der Schiedsrichter hat das Spiel abgebrochen; (temporarily)

this will stop the pain — das hilft gegen die Schmerzen

3) (= cease) aufhören mit

to stop doing sth — aufhören, etw zu tun, etw nicht mehr tun

she never stops talking — sie redet ununterbrochen or in einer Tour (inf)

to stop smoking — mit dem Rauchen aufhören; (temporarily) das Rauchen einstellen

I'm trying to stop smoking — ich versuche, das Rauchen aufzugeben or nicht mehr zu rauchen

stop saying that — nun sag das doch nicht immer

stop it! — lass das!, hör auf!

I just can't stop it — ich kann es nicht lassen

4) (= suspend) stoppen; payments, production, fighting einstellen; leave, cheque, water supply, wages sperren; privileges unterbinden; subsidy, allowances, grant etc streichen; battle, negotiations, proceedings abbrechen; (= cancel) subscription kündigen; (temporarily) delivery, newspaper abbestellen

the money was stopped out of his wages (Brit) — das Geld wurde von seinem Lohn einbehalten

5) (= prevent from happening) sth verhindern; (= prevent from doing) sb abhalten

to stop oneself — sich beherrschen, sich bremsen (inf)

can't you stop him? — können Sie ihn nicht davon abhalten?

there's no stopping him (inf) — er ist nicht zu bremsen (inf)

there's nothing stopping you or to stop you — es hindert Sie nichts, es hält Sie nichts zurück

6)

(in participial construction) to stop sb (from) doing sth — jdn davon abhalten or (physically) daran hindern, etw zu tun

that'll stop the gas (from) escaping/the pipe( from) leaking — das wird verhindern, dass Gas entweicht/das Rohr leckt

to stop the thief (from) escaping — den Dieb an der Flucht hindern

it will stop you from worrying — dann brauchen Sie sich (dat) keine Sorgen zu machen

to stop oneself from doing sth — sich zurückhalten und etw nicht tun

7) (= block) verstopfen; (with cork, bung, cement etc) zustopfen (with mit); (= fill) tooth plombieren, füllen; (fig) gap füllen, stopfen; leak of information stopfen; (MUS) string greifen; finger hole zuhalten

to stop one's ears with cotton wool/one's fingers — sich (dat) Watte/die Finger in die Ohren stecken

3. vi

1) (= halt) anhalten; (train, car) (an)halten, stoppen; (traveller, driver, hiker) haltmachen; (pedestrian, clock, watch) stehen bleiben; (engine, machine) nicht mehr laufen

stop right there! — halt!, stopp!

we stopped for a drink at the pub — wir machten in der Kneipe Station, um etwas zu trinken

to stop at nothing (to do sth) (fig) — vor nichts haltmachen(, um etw zu tun)

to stop dead or in one's tracks — plötzlich or abrupt or auf der Stelle stehen bleiben

See:

→ short

2) (= finish, cease) aufhören; (heart) aufhören zu schlagen, stehen bleiben; (production, payments, delivery) eingestellt werden; (programme, show, match, film) zu Ende sein

to stop doing sth — aufhören, etw zu tun, mit etw aufhören

ask him to stop — sag ihm, er soll aufhören

he stopped in mid sentence — er brach mitten im Satz ab

I will not stop until I find him/convince you — ich gebe keine Ruhe, bis ich ihn gefunden habe/dich überzeugt habe

if you had stopped to think — wenn du nur einen Augenblick nachgedacht hättest

stop to think before you speak — erst denken, dann reden

he never knows when or where to stop — er weiß nicht, wann er aufhören muss or Schluss machen muss

3) (Brit inf = stay) bleiben (at in +dat, with bei)

to stop for or to supper — zum Abendessen bleiben

* * *

stop [stɒp; US stɑp]

A v/t prät und pperf stopped, obs stopt

1. aufhören ( doing zu tun):

stop doing sth auch etwas bleiben lassen;

do stop that noise hör (doch) auf mit dem Lärm!;

stop it hör auf (damit)!

2. a) allg aufhören mit

b) Besuche etc, WIRTSCH seine Zahlungen, eine Tätigkeit, JUR das Verfahren einstellen

c) Verhandlungen etc abbrechen

3. a) allg ein Ende machen oder bereiten, Einhalt gebieten (dat)

b) den Fortschritt, Verkehr etc aufhalten, zum Halten oder Stehen bringen, stoppen:

nothing could stop him nichts konnte ihn aufhalten

c) einen Wagen, Zug etc stoppen, anhalten

d) eine Maschine, den Motor, auch das Gas etc abstellen

e) eine Fabrik stilllegen

f) Lärm etc unterbinden

g) Boxen: einen Kampf abbrechen

4. auch stop payment on einen Scheck etc sperren (lassen)

5. einen Sprecher etc unterbrechen

6. SPORT

a) Boxen, Fechten: einen Schlag, Hieb parieren

b) einen Gegner besiegen, stoppen:

stop a blow sich einen Schlag einfangen;

stop a bullet eine Kugel verpasst bekommen; → packet A 5

7. (from) abhalten (von), hindern (an dat):

stop sb (from) doing sth jemanden davon abhalten oder daran hindern, etwas zu tun

8. auch stop up ein Leck etc ver-, zustopfen:

stop one’s ears sich die Ohren zuhalten;

stop sb’s mouth fig jemandem den Mund stopfen, jemanden zum Schweigen bringen (a. euph umbringen); → gap 1

9. versperren, -stopfen, blockieren

10. Blut, auch eine Wunde stillen

11. einen Zahn plombieren, füllen

12. einen Betrag abziehen, einbehalten ( beide:

out of, from von)

13. MUS

a) eine Saite, einen Ton greifen

b) ein Griffloch zuhalten, schließen

c) ein Blasinstrument, einen Ton stopfen

14. LING interpunktieren

15. stop down FOTO das Objektiv abblenden

B v/i

1. (an)halten, haltmachen, stehen bleiben (auch Uhr etc), stoppen

2. aufhören, an-, innehalten, eine Pause machen:

he stopped in the middle of a sentence er hielt mitten in einem Satz inne;

he’ll stop at nothing er schreckt vor nichts zurück, er geht über Leichen;

stop out US seine Ausbildung kurzzeitig unterbrechen; → dead C 2, short B 1, B 3

3. aufhören (Lärm, Zahlung etc)

4. stop off

a) kurz haltmachen,

b) Zwischenstation machen

5. stop over Zwischenstation machen

6. stop by bes US kurz (bei jemandem) vorbeikommen oder -schauen

7. bleiben:

stop in bed ( at home, etc);

stop away (from) fernbleiben (dat), wegbleiben (von);

stop behind noch dableiben;

stop in

a) auch stop indoors zu Hause oder drinnen bleiben

b) SCHULE nachsitzen;

stop out

a) wegbleiben, nicht heimkommen,

b) WIRTSCH weiterstreiken;

stop up aufbleiben, wach bleiben

C s

1. a) Stopp m, Halt m, Stillstand m

b) Ende n:

come to a stop anhalten, weitS. zu einem Ende kommen, aufhören;

put a stop to, bring to a stop → A 3 a; → abrupt 4

2. Pause f

3. BAHN etc Aufenthalt m, Halt m

4. a) BAHN Station f

b) (Bus) Haltestelle f

c) SCHIFF Anlegestelle f

5. Absteigequartier n

6. Hemmnis n, Hindernis n

7. TECH Anschlag m, Sperre f, Hemmung f

8. WIRTSCH

a) Sperrung f, Sperrauftrag m (für Scheck etc)

b) → stop order

9. MUS

a) Griff m, Greifen n (einer Saite etc)

b) Griffloch n

c) Klappe f

d) Ventil n

e) Register n (einer Orgel etc)

f) Registerzug m:

pull out all the stops fig alle Register ziehen, alle Hebel in Bewegung setzen

10. LING

a) Knacklaut m

b) Verschlusslaut m

11. FOTO f-Blende f (als Einstellmarke)

12. a) Satzzeichen n

b) Punkt m

* * *
1. transitive verb,
- pp-

1) (not let move further) anhalten [Person, Fahrzeug]; aufhalten [Fortschritt, Verkehr, Feind]; verstummen lassen (geh.) [Gerücht, Geschichte, Lüge]; [Tormann:] halten [Ball]

she stopped her car — sie hielt an

stop thief! — haltet den Dieb!

there's no stopping somebody — jemand lässt sich nicht aufhalten

2) (not let continue) unterbrechen [Redner, Spiel, Gespräch, Vorstellung]; beenden [Krieg, Gespräch, Treffen, Spiel, Versuch, Arbeit]; stillen [Blutung]; stoppen [Produktion, Uhr, Streik, Inflation]; einstellen [Handel, Zahlung, Lieferung, Besuche, Subskriptionen, Bemühungen]; abstellen [Strom, Gas, Wasser, Missstände]; beseitigen [Schmerz]

stop that/that nonsense/that noise! — hör damit/mit diesem Unsinn/diesem Lärm auf!

bad light stopped play — (Sport) das Spiel wurde wegen schlechter Lichtverhältnisse abgebrochen

stop the show — (fig.) Furore machen

just you try and stop me! — versuch doch, mich daran zu hindern!

stop smoking/crying — aufhören zu rauchen/weinen

never stop doing something — etwas unaufhörlich tun

stop it! — hör auf [damit]!; (in more peremptory tone) Schluss damit!

stop oneself — sich zurückhalten

I couldn't stop myself — ich konnte nicht anders

3) (not let happen) verhindern [Verbrechen, Unfall]

he tried to stop us parking — er versuchte uns am Parken zu hindern

he phoned his mother to stop her [from] worrying — er rief seine Mutter an, damit sie sich keine Sorgen machte

stop something [from] happening — verhindern, dass etwas geschieht

4) (cause to cease working) abstellen [Maschine usw.]; [Streikende:] stilllegen [Betrieb]

5) (block up) zustopfen [Loch, Öffnung, Riß, Ohren]; verschließen [Wasserhahn, Rohr, Schlauch, Flasche]

6) (withhold) streichen

stop [payment of] a cheque — einen Scheck sperren lassen
2. intransitive verb,
- pp-

1) (not extend further) aufhören; [Straße, Treppe:] enden; [Ton:] verstummen; [Ärger:] verfliegen; [Schmerz:] abklingen; [Zahlungen, Lieferungen:] eingestellt werden

2) (not move or operate further) [Fahrzeug, Fahrer:] halten; [Maschine, Motor:] stillstehen; [Uhr, Fußgänger, Herz:] stehen bleiben

he stopped in the middle of the sentence — er unterbrach sich mitten im Satz

he never stops to think [before he acts] — er denkt nie nach [bevor er handelt]

stop! — halt!

stop at nothing — vor nichts zurückschrecken

stop dead — plötzlich stehen bleiben; [Redner:] abbrechen

3) (coll.): (stay) bleiben

stop at a hotel/at a friend's house/with somebody — in einem Hotel/im Hause eines Freundes/bei jemandem wohnen
3. noun
1) (halt) Halt, der

there will be two stops for coffee on the way — es wird unterwegs zweimal zum Kaffeetrinken angehalten

this train goes to London with only two stops — dieser Zug fährt mit nur zwei Zwischenhalten nach London

bring to a stop — zum Stehen bringen [Fahrzeug]; zum Erliegen bringen [Verkehr]; unterbrechen [Arbeit, Diskussion, Treffen]

come to a stop — stehen bleiben; [Fahrzeug:] zum Stehen kommen; [Gespräch:] abbrechen; [Arbeit, Verkehr:] zum Erliegen kommen; [Vorlesung:] abgebrochen werden

make a stop at or in a place — in einem Ort haltmachen

put a stop to — abstellen [Missstände, Unsinn]; unterbinden [Versuche]; aus der Welt schaffen [Gerücht]

put a stop on a cheque — einen Scheck sperren lassen

without a stop — ohne Halt [fahren, fliegen]; ohne anzuhalten [gehen, laufen]; ununterbrochen [arbeiten, reden]

2) (place) Haltestelle, die

the ship's first stop is Cairo — der erste Hafen, den das Schiff anläuft, ist Kairo

the plane's first stop is Frankfurt — die erste Zwischenlandung des Flugzeuges ist in Frankfurt

3) (Brit.): (punctuation mark) Satzzeichen, das; see also full stop 1)

4) (in telegram) stop

Phrasal Verbs:

- stop behind

- stop by

- stop off

- stop out

- stop over

- stop up

* * *

(mechanics) n.

Sperre -n f. n.

Abbruch -e (Sport) m.

Halt -e m.

Pause -n f. v.

absperren v.

anhalten v.

arretieren v.

aufhalten v.

aufhören v.

pfropfen v.

zustöpseln v.

English-german dictionary > stop
17 hang

hang [hæŋ]

(preterite, past participle hung)

1. transitive verb

   a. [+ lamp, curtains, decorations, painting] accrocher ; [+ wallpaper] poser

• to hang clothes on the line étendre du linge

• to hang one's head baisser la tête

• the trees were hung with lights les arbres étaient décorés de lumières

   b. (preterite, past participle hanged) [+ criminal] pendre

• he was hanged for murder il a été pendu pour meurtre

• he hanged himself il s'est pendu

2. intransitive verb

   a. [rope, dangling object] pendre (on, from à)

• a suit that hangs well un costume qui tombe bien

• a picture hanging on the wall un tableau accroché au mur

• to hang out of the window [person] se pencher par la fenêtre ; [thing] pendre à la fenêtre

   b. ( = hover) fog hung over the valley un brouillard planait sur la vallée

• the threat of unemployment hangs over us la menace du chômage pèse sur nous

• the question was left hanging in the air la question est restée en suspens

• time hung heavy on his hands il trouvait le temps long

   c. [criminal] être pendu

• he'll hang for it cela lui vaudra la corde

3. noun

• to get the hang of (inf) ( = understand) comprendre

• to get the hang of doing sth attraper le coup (inf) pour faire qch

• you'll soon get the hang of it tu auras vite fait de t'y mettre

• she's getting the hang of her new job elle commence à s'habituer à son nouveau travail

4. compounds

► hang-glider noun deltaplane ® m

► hang-gliding noun deltaplane ® m

• to go hang-gliding faire du deltaplane ® ► hang-up (inf) noun

( = complex) complexe m ( about à cause de)

• to have sexual hang-ups avoir des blocages (sexuels)

► hang about, hang around

1. intransitive verb

( = loiter) traîner ; ( = wait) attendre

• he's always hanging about here il est toujours à traîner par ici

• he got sick of hanging around waiting for me il en a eu marre (inf) de m'attendre

• they always hang around together ils sont toujours ensemble

• to keep sb hanging about faire attendre qn

• hang about! (inf) attends !

2. inseparable transitive verb

• the crowd who hung around the cafe les habitués du café

► hang back intransitive verb

(when walking) rester en arrière

• she hung back from suggesting this elle hésitait à le proposer► hang down intransitive verb pendre

► hang in (inf) intransitive verb s'accrocher

• hang in there, Bill, you're going to make it accroche-toi, Bill, tu vas y arriver► hang on

1. intransitive verb

   a. ( = wait) (inf) attendre

• hang on! attendez ! ; (on phone) ne quittez pas !

• hang on, I didn't say that! attends un peu, ce n'est pas ce que j'ai dit !

   b. ( = hold out) tenir bon

• he managed to hang on till help came il réussit à tenir bon jusqu'à l'arrivée des secours

   c. to hang on to sth ( = cling on to) se cramponner à qch ; ( = look after) (inf) garder qch

2. inseparable transitive verb

   a. se cramponner à

• to hang on sb's arm se cramponner au bras de qn

• to hang on sb's every word boire les paroles de qn

   b. ( = depend on) dépendre de

• everything hangs on his decision tout dépend de sa décision

► hang out

1. intransitive verb

   a. [tongue] pendre

• your shirt's hanging out ta chemise pend

• let it all hang out! (inf!) défoulez-vous !

   b. ( = live) (inf) crécher (inf !)

2. separable transitive verb

[+ washing] étendre (dehors)

► hang together intransitive verb

[argument, story] se tenir ; [statements] s'accorder

► hang up

1. intransitive verb

(on telephone) raccrocher

• to hang up on sb raccrocher au nez de qn

2. separable transitive verb

[+ hat, picture] accrocher (on à, sur)

* * *
[hæŋ] 1.
noun

1) ( of garment) tombant m

2) (colloq) ( knack)

to get the hang of something (colloq)/of doing (colloq) — piger (colloq) quelque chose/comment faire

you're getting the hang of it — tu as pigé (colloq)
2.
transitive verb (prét, pp hung)

1) ( suspend) (from projection, hook, coat-hanger) accrocher ( from à; by par; on à); (from string, rope) suspendre ( from à); ( drape over) étendre, mettre ( over sur); ( peg up) étendre [washing] (on sur)

2) (also hang down) ( let dangle) suspendre [rope, line etc] ( out of par); laisser pendre [arm, leg]

to hang one's head in shame — baisser la tête de honte

3) ( decorate with)

to be hung with — être orné de [flags, tapestries]; être décoré de [garlands]

4) ( interior decorating) poser [wallpaper]

5) Construction, Technology poser [door, gate]

6) (prét, pp hanged) pendre [criminal, victim]
3.
intransitive verb (prét, pp hung)

1) ( be suspended) ( on hook) être accroché; ( from height) être suspendu; ( on washing line) être étendu; [arm, leg] pendre

her arm hung over the arm of the chair — son bras pendait de l'accoudoir

my feet hang over the end — mes pieds dépassent

the children were hanging out of the window — les enfants se penchaient à la fenêtre

2) ( drape) [curtain, garment] tomber

3) ( float) [fog, cloud, smoke, smell] flotter

4) ( die) être pendu ( for pour)
4.
reflexive verb (prét, pp hanged)

to hang oneself — se pendre ( from à)

Phrasal Verbs:

- hang around

- hang back

- hang down

- hang on

- hang on to

- hang out

- hang over

- hang together

- hang up

••

hang the expense! — (colloq) au diable la dépense!

hanged if I know! — (colloq) je n'en sais fichtre rien! (colloq)

to let it all hang out — (colloq) être relax (colloq); sheep

English-French dictionary > hang
18 make

[meɪk] 1. pt, pp made, vt
object, mistake, remark robić (zrobić perf); clothes szyć (uszyć perf); cake piec (upiec perf); noise robić, narobić ( perf) +gen; speech wygłaszać (wygłosić perf); goods produkować (wyprodukować perf), wytwarzać; money zarabiać (zarobić perf); ( cause to be)

to make sb sad/happy — zasmucać (zasmucić perf)/uszczęśliwiać (uszczęśliwić perf) kogoś; ( force)

to make sb do sth — zmuszać (zmusić perf) kogoś do (z)robienia czegoś; ( equal)

2 and 2 make 4 — dwa i dwa jest cztery
2. n
marka f

to make the bed — słać (posłać perf) łóżko

to make a fool of sb — ośmieszać (ośmieszyć perf) kogoś

to make a profit — osiągać (osiągnąć perf) zysk, zarabiać (zarobić perf)

to make a loss — business przynosić (przynieść perf) straty; company ponosić (ponieść perf) straty

may I make a suggestion? — czy mogę coś zaproponować?

he made it — ( arrived) dotarł na miejsce; ( arrived in time) zdążył; ( succeeded) udało mu się

what time do you make it? — którą masz godzinę?

to make good —
3. vt
threat, promise spełniać (spełnić perf); damage naprawiać (naprawić perf); loss nadrabiać (nadrobić perf)

he has made good — powiodło mu się, odniósł sukces

to make do with — zadowalać się (zadowolić się perf) +instr

Phrasal Verbs:

- make for

- make off

- make out

- make over

- make up

- make up for

* * *
[meik] 1. past tense, past participle - made; verb
1) (to create, form or produce: God made the Earth; She makes all her own clothes; He made it out of paper; to make a muddle/mess of the job; to make lunch/coffee; We made an arrangement/agreement/deal/bargain.) tworzyć, robić

2) (to compel, force or cause (a person or thing to do something): They made her do it; He made me laugh.) zmusić, spowodować, skłonić do

3) (to cause to be: I made it clear; You've made me very unhappy.) uczynić

4) (to gain or earn: He makes $100 a week; to make a profit.) zarabiać, uzyskiwać

5) ((of numbers etc) to add up to; to amount to: 2 and 2 make(s) 4.) być, wynosić

6) (to become, turn into, or be: He'll make an excellent teacher.) być, stać się

7) (to estimate as: I make the total 483.) oceniać jako

8) (to appoint, or choose, as: He was made manager.) mianować, wybierać

9) (used with many nouns to give a similar meaning to that of the verb from which the noun is formed: He made several attempts (= attempted several times); They made a left turn (= turned left); He made (= offered) a suggestion/proposal; Have you any comments to make?) uczynić, robić, wykonywać
2. noun
(a (usually manufacturer's) brand: What make is your new car?) marka

- maker
- making
- make-believe
- make-over
- makeshift
- make-up
- have the makings of
- in the making
- make a/one's bed
- make believe
- make do
- make for
- make it
- make it up
- make something of something
- make of something
- make something of
- make of
- make out
- make over
- make up
- make up for
- make up one's mind
- make up to

English-Polish dictionary > make
19 brush

brush

A n

1 ( implement) (for hair, clothes, shoes etc) brosse f ; (small, for sweeping up) balayette f ; ( broom) balai m ; ( for paint) pinceau m ; ( chimney sweep's) hérisson m ; to clean sth with a brush nettoyer qch à la brosse ; soft/hard/wire brush brosse souple/dure/métallique ;

2 ( act of brushing) coup m de brosse ; to give one's teeth a quick brush se brosser rapidement les dents ;

3 ( encounter) ( confrontation with person) accrochage m (with avec) ; (contact with person, celebrity) contact m (with avec) ; to have a brush with the police/with the authorities avoir affaire à la police/aux autorités ; to have a brush with death frôler la mort ;

4 ( light touch) frôlement m ; I felt the brush of a bird's wing j'ai senti un oiseau m'effleurer de son aile ;

5 ( vegetation or twigs) broussailles fpl ;

6 ( fox's tail) queue f de renard ;

7 Elec ( in motor) balai m.

B vtr

1 (sweep, clean) brosser [carpet, clothes, shoes] ; to brush one's hair/teeth se brosser les cheveux/les dents ; to brush sb's hair/teeth brosser les cheveux/les dents de qn ; to brush sth off/into sth ( with brush or hand) brosser qch de/dans qch ; to brush the knots out of one's hair se démêler les cheveux ;

2 ( touch lightly) effleurer [person, part of body, object] (with avec) ; her skirt brushed the floor sa jupe balayait le sol ;

3 Culin to brush sth with badigeonner qch avec [water, milk, egg, oil].

C vi to brush against frôler [person, part of body, object] ; to brush past sb frôler qn en passant ; he brushed past me into/out of the room il m'a frôlé en entrant dans/en quittant la pièce.

D brushed pp adj Tex [cotton, denim, nylon] gratté.

Phrasal verbs

■ brush aside:

▶ brush aside [sth/sb], brush [sb/sth] aside

1 ( dismiss) balayer, repousser [idea, thought, feeling] ; repousser [argument, criticism, person] ;

2 ( move away) écarter [cobweb, branch, curtain] ;

3 ( beat) balayer, écraser [team, opponent, defences].

■ brush away:

▶ brush away [sth], brush [sth] away brosser, enlever [crumbs, dirt] ; essuyer [tear] ; écarter [hand].

■ brush back:

▶ brush back [sth], brush [sth] back brosser [qch] en arrière [hair].

■ brush down:

▶ brush down [sth], brush [sth] down brosser [coat, skirt, suit, horse].

■ brush off:

▶ brush off [sth/sb], brush [sth/sb] off repousser [person, offer, allegation, challenge] ; écarter [threat, incident, disagreement].

■ brush up (on):

▶ brush up (on) [sth], brush [sth] up se remettre à [language, skill, subject] ; I must brush up on it ou brush it up je dois m'y remettre.

Big English-French dictionary > brush
20 danger

ˈdeɪndʒə сущ.
1) а) опасность to be out of danger ≈ быть вне опасности to constitute danger, represent danger ≈ представлять опасность to create danger ≈ создавать опасность to run danger, to be in danger ≈ быть в опасности to expose to danger ≈ подвергать опасности to face danger, sense danger ≈ подвергаться опасности to avert danger ≈ предотвращать опасность deadly danger, grave danger, mortal danger ≈ смертельная опасность imminent danger, impending danger ≈ надвигающаяся, нависшая опасность б) угроза, опасность a danger to peace ≈ угроза миру a danger of salinity ≈ опасность засоления There was a danger that fire would break out. ≈ Существовала угроза воспламенения. в) риск, возможная опасность to be in danger of smth. ≈ подвергаться какому-л. риску ∙ Syn: hazard, jeopardy, menace, peril, risk, threat Ant: defence, protection, safeguard, safety security
2) мор. подводная скала, подводный риф( представляющие опасность для мореплавания) опасность - * of death смертельная опасность - to escape from * избежать опасности - to smell * почуять опасность - to expose smb. to * подвергать кого-л. опасности - to face the * смотреть опасности в лицо - to be in * быть в опасности - he is in * он в опасности - to put smb. in * подвергать кого-л. опасности - to be out of * быть вне опасности - to involve no * быть совершенно безопасным - the trip involves no * это путешествие не связано ни с каким риском - his presence radiated * в его присутствии каждому становилось не по себе - any further moves would be fraught with * любые дальнейшие шаги крайне опасны - he goes in * of life ему грозит смертельная опасность;
он рискует жизнью - the signal was at * знак предупреждал об опасности - "thin ice! danger"! "тонкий лед! опасно для жизни" - there is no * нечего опасаться, это безопасно - * past, God forgotten (пословица) опасность миновала, и Бог забыт угроза - * to a country угроза стране - the *s to health вещи, вредные для здоровья риск - to be in * of smth. подвергаться какому-л. риску - the *s of a journey опасности, подстерегающие путешественника - the boat was in * of sinking казалось, что лодка вот-вот потонет( морское) подводный риф, скала (устаревшее) власть - within smb.'s * в чьей-л. власти danger опасность;
out of danger вне опасности;
in danger в опасном положении;
in danger of one's life с опасностью для жизни;
to keep out of danger избегать опасности ~ опасность ~ риск ~ угроза;
a danger to peace угроза миру ~ угроза ~ of collusion опасность столкновения ~ угроза;
a danger to peace угроза миру fire ~ опасность пожара general ~ главная опасность imminent ~ грозящая опасность imminent ~ надвигающаяся опасность imminent ~ неминуемая опасность danger опасность;
out of danger вне опасности;
in danger в опасном положении;
in danger of one's life с опасностью для жизни;
to keep out of danger избегать опасности danger опасность;
out of danger вне опасности;
in danger в опасном положении;
in danger of one's life с опасностью для жизни;
to keep out of danger избегать опасности danger опасность;
out of danger вне опасности;
in danger в опасном положении;
in danger of one's life с опасностью для жизни;
to keep out of danger избегать опасности mortal ~ смертельная опасность danger опасность;
out of danger вне опасности;
in danger в опасном положении;
in danger of one's life с опасностью для жизни;
to keep out of danger избегать опасности

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > danger

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

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past danger — risk which is no longer present, danger that no longer poses a threat … English contemporary dictionary
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china — /chuy neuh/, n. 1. a translucent ceramic material, biscuit fired at a high temperature, its glaze fired at a low temperature. 2. any porcelain ware. 3. plates, cups, saucers, etc., collectively. 4. figurines made of porcelain or ceramic material … Universalium
China — /chuy neuh/, n. 1. People s Republic of, a country in E Asia. 1,221,591,778; 3,691,502 sq. mi. (9,560,990 sq. km). Cap.: Beijing. 2. Republic of. Also called Nationalist China. a republic consisting mainly of the island of Taiwan off the SE coast … Universalium
France — /frans, frahns/; Fr. /frddahonns/, n. 1. Anatole /ann nann tawl /, (Jacques Anatole Thibault), 1844 1924, French novelist and essayist: Nobel prize 1921. 2. a republic in W Europe. 58,470,421; 212,736 sq. mi. (550,985 sq. km). Cap.: Paris. 3.… … Universalium
international relations — a branch of political science dealing with the relations between nations. [1970 75] * * * Study of the relations of states with each other and with international organizations and certain subnational entities (e.g., bureaucracies and political… … Universalium

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